Chapter 1 - Structure & Function

Question 1

t

• most important part of the nervous system
• can take information & transmit it in addition to all other cell jobs

Answer 1

neurons (nerve cells)

Question 2

t

provide support for neurons & participate in information processing

Answer 2

glial cells

Question 3

t

any projection from the cell body

Answer 3

neurite

Question 4

t

• “little hill”
• cone shaped area on the cell body from which the axon originates

Answer 4

axon hillock

Question 5

t

• many dendrites & a single axon
• most common

Answer 5

multipolar neuron

Question 6

t

single dendrite at one end of the cell & single axon at the other end
• common in sensory neurons

Answer 6

bipolar neuron

Question 7

t

single extension (axon) that branches in 2 directions after leaving the cell body
• 1 end is input zone with branches like dendrites - other is input zone with terminals
• transmit touch information

Answer 7

unipolar neuron (monopolar)

Question 8

t

fatty insulin around an axon, formed by glial cells that increases speed at which action potentials are conducted

Answer 8

myelin

Question 9

t

ensheaths axons with myelin in the central nervous system
• outside brain/spinal cord

Answer 9

oligodendrocytes

Question 10

t

forms myelin in the peripheral nervous system
• inside brain/spinal cord

Answer 10

schwann

Question 11

t

star-shaped cells with many processes that stretch around & between neurons & blood vessels
• Secrete & digest chemicals (nutrients & neurotransmitters)
• Assist with structural, maintenance & repair functions

Answer 11

astrocyte

Question 12

t

small cells that remove debris from injured cells

Answer 12

microglia

Question 13

t

features of the nervous system visible to the naked eye

Answer 13

gross neuroanatomy

Question 14

t

brain & spinal cord

Answer 14

central nervous system (CNS)

Question 15

t

all other parts of the nervous system, found outside the skull & spinal column

Answer 15

peripheral nervous system

Question 16

t

bundles of axons

Answer 16

nerves

Question 17

t

convey information from the body to the CNS (afferent)

Answer 17

sensory nerves

Question 18

t

transmit information from spinal cord & brain to muscles & glands (efferent)

Answer 18

motor nerves

Question 19

t

connected to brain

Answer 19

cranial nerves

Question 20

t

connected to spinal cord

Answer 20

spinal nerves (somatic nerves)

Question 21

t

set of neural cell bodies outside the CNS

Answer 21

ganglion

Question 22

t

consists mostly of axons with white myelin sheaths

Answer 22

white matter

Question 23

t

contains more cell bodies & dendrites, which lack myelin

Answer 23

gray matter

Question 24

t

contains more cell bodies & dendrites, which lack myelin

Answer 24

corpus callosum

Question 25

# t bundle of axons that connect the 2 cerebral hemispheres within the CNS

Answer 25

corpus callosum

Question 26

# t collection of neuronal cell bodies

Answer 26

nucleus

Question 27

# t bundle of axons

Answer 27

tract

Question 28

# t ridged or raised portion

Answer 28

gyrus

Question 29

# t furrow

Answer 29

sulcus

Question 30

tiny gaps where information is transmitted from neuron to neuron

Answer 30

synapse

Question 31

neurons collect & process information from the environment or other cells

Answer 31

input zone

Question 32

extension of the cell body that receives information •essentially the input zone

Answer 32

dendrites

Question 33

combines information it receives & decides to send a signal or not

Answer 33

integration zone

Question 34

contains the nucleus

Answer 34

cell body (soma)