Chapter 1- Study Of Life

Question 1

What are some examples of areas related to biology?

Answer 1

Finding cures to diseases
Studying communicable diseases
Solve environmental issues
Climate change

All are related to biology in one way or another

Question 2

What is science?

Answer 2

‘Knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws, especially when acquired and tested by the scientific method’

Biology is a discipline of science.

Question 3

What are natural sciences?

Answer 3

Science related to the physical world and its phenomena and processes

Example: Biology, astronomy, geology, physics, and chemistry fall under natural sciences.

Question 4

What is included in life sciences?

Answer 4

Biology (study of living things)

Example: Studying animals, plants, and microorganisms is part of life sciences.

Question 5

What is included in physical sciences?

Answer 5

Astronomy, geology, physics, and chemistry

Example: Astronomy deals with celestial objects, while geology focuses on the Earth’s structure and processes.

Question 6

What is Basic science

Answer 6

Pure science – knowled’ge for knowledge’s sake

Example: Studying the structure of DNA

Question 7

What is Applied science

Answer 7

Applied science or “technology,” aims to use science to solve real-world problems

Example: Using DNA fingerprinting for forensics and paternity disputes
Using DNA technology to make insulin
Using DNA technology to improve crop yield

Question 8

What is the Scientific method?

Answer 8

A structured and systematic approach to study and understand natural phenomena.

Method of research with defined steps that include experiments and careful observation.

Question 9

What is the first step in the Scientific method?

Answer 9

Observation

Step involving careful watching and noting of natural phenomena.

Question 10

What is the second step in the Scientific method?

Answer 10

Hypothesis development

Step where a possible explanation for observed phenomena is proposed.

Question 11

What is the third step in the Scientific method?

Answer 11

Experimentation and collecting data

Step involving testing the hypothesis through experiments and data collection.

Question 12

What is the fourth step in the Scientific method?

Answer 12

Analyzing results

Step where the collected data is examined and interpreted.

Question 13

What is the final step in the Scientific method?

Answer 13

Drawing conclusions

Step where the results are used to make inferences and conclusions.

Question 14

Why is observation important?

Answer 14

Observation is important because it helps ask questions that can be tested by experimentation

Question 15

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 15

A hypothesis is an educated guess based on background research and observations.

Example: Scientists hypothesized that increased exposure to sunlight would lead to higher rates of vitamin D production.

Question 16

What are scientific experiments done for?

Answer 16

To prove or disprove a hypothesis

Scientific experiments are done to prove or disprove a hypothesis

Question 17

What happens if the data collected does not support the initial hypothesis?

Answer 17

The hypothesis is modified or a new hypothesis is needed

If the data collected by experiments does not support the first hypothesis then the hypothesis is modified or a new hypothesis is needed.

Question 18

What is the fifth step in the scientific method?

Answer 18

Drawing conclusions and communicating the results

Scientists look at the data in many ways and plot graphs. This helps them get all the information they need from the experiments and draw conclusions related to the hypothesis.

Question 19

How is a scientific theory formed?

Answer 19

When different scientists in the same field, doing same experiments reach the same conclusion. The hypothesis is considered to be true.

Question 20

What happens when a lot of conclusions are combined?

Answer 20

A theory is formulated.

Question 21

What does the control group contain?

Answer 21

Every feature of the experimental group except it is not given the manipulation that the researcher hypothesizes.

Example: In a study testing a new drug, the control group would receive a placebo instead of the actual medication.

Question 22

What are positive and negative controls?

Answer 22

They are types of controls used in experiments to ensure the validity of the results.

Positive controls involve applying a known treatment to see the expected response, while negative controls involve applying no treatment to observe for any unintended effects.

Question 23

Why experiments have a negative control?

Answer 23

negative control is a sample in the experiment where no change should happen because it has not been exposed to the testing procedure.

Question 24

What is a variable?

Answer 24

Any part of the experiment that can vary or change during the experiment.

A variable is a factor that can be manipulated or measured in a scientific study.

Question 25

What is the first property of life?

Answer 25

Order ## Footnote Order refers to the highly organized structure that living organisms possess.

Question 26

What is the second property of life?

Answer 26

Sensitivity or response to the environment ## Footnote Living organisms can detect and respond to changes in their environment.

Question 27

What is the third property of life?

Answer 27

Reproduction ## Footnote Reproduction allows living organisms to produce offspring.

Question 28

What is the fourth property of life?

Answer 28

Adaptation ## Footnote Adaptation refers to the ability of living organisms to evolve and adjust to their environment.

Question 29

What is the fifth property of life?

Answer 29

Growth and development ## Footnote Living organisms exhibit growth and undergo developmental changes.

Question 30

What is the sixth property of life?

Answer 30

Regulation/homeostasis ## Footnote Homeostasis is the ability of living organisms to maintain a stable internal environment.

Question 31

What is the seventh property of life?

Answer 31

Energy processing ## Footnote Living organisms require energy to carry out life processes.

Question 32

What is the eighth property of life?

Answer 32

Evolution ## Footnote Evolution is the process by which living organisms change over time through natural selection.

Question 33

What are Prokaryotes?

Answer 33

Single-celled or colonial organisms that do not have membrane-bound nuclei. ## Footnote Example sentence: Bacteria are examples of prokaryotes.

Question 34

What are Eukaryotes?

Answer 34

Organisms that do have membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus.

Question 35

Why are viruses considered non-living?

Answer 35

Because they are not made of cells and cannot reproduce independently

Question 36

What do organisms respond to?

Answer 36

Diverse stimuli

Question 37

DNA containing genes are passed along to an organism’s offspring.

Answer 37

The resulting organism will have similar characteristics as the parent

Question 38

In order to function properly

Answer 38

cells require appropriate conditions such as proper temperature

Question 39

How do organisms maintain internal stability despite environmental changes?

Answer 39

Organisms maintain internal conditions through **homeostasis** a process that keeps their internal environment stable despite external changes. For example, organisms regulate body temperature through thermoregulation.

Question 40

What processes do organisms use to shed excess heat in hot climates?

Answer 40

In hot climates, organisms have developed methods such as **perspiration in humans** or **panting in dogs** to help shed excess body heat and maintain a stable internal temperature.

Question 41

How do different organisms acquire and process energy for metabolic activities?

Answer 41

All organisms require a source of energy for metabolic activities. - **Plants** capture energy from the sun and convert it into **chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates** through photosynthesis. - **Animals** obtain energy by eating plants, converting the stored chemical energy into heat and kinetic energy for their bodily functions.

Question 42

What causes the diversity of life on Earth and how does it affect organisms?

Answer 42

The diversity of life is caused by **mutations**, which are random changes in hereditary material. These mutations help organisms **adapt**, leading to better survival and greater reproductive success in changing environments.

Question 43

What is evolution and how does it relate to the diversity of life on Earth?

Answer 43

**Evolution** is the process of gradual change in a population or species over time, leading to the tremendous diversity of life on Earth.

Question 44

Branches of Biology

Answer 44

Microbiology Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Neurobiology Forensics Paleontology