Chapter 1. Terms

Question 1

What is physiology?

Answer 1

The ‘Function of the body’

Question 2

What are the levels of structural organisation?

Answer 2

Chemical Level, Cellular Level, Tissue Level, Organ Level, Organ System Level, Organism Level

Question 3

Why is organisation essential?

Answer 3

Organisation = essential for life

Question 4

What are the essential functions in our bodies to maintain life?

Answer 4

Maintaining boundaries, Movement, Responsiveness / Excitability, Digestion, Metabolism, Excretion, Reproduction, Growth

Question 5

What is homeostasis?

Answer 5

The body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously.

Question 6

What is positive feedback?

Answer 6

The initial response enhances the original stimulus, so that further responses are even greater.

Question 7

What does ‘superior’ mean in anatomical terms?

Answer 7

Above; towards the head

Question 8

What does ‘inferior’ mean in anatomical terms?

Answer 8

Below; towards lower body

Question 9

What does ‘anterior’ mean in anatomical terms?

Answer 9

Towards front of the body

Question 10

What does ‘posterior’ mean in anatomical terms?

Answer 10

Towards back of the body

Question 11

What does ‘medial’ mean in anatomical terms?

Answer 11

Towards midline of body

Question 12

What does ‘lateral’ mean in anatomical terms?

Answer 12

Away from midline of body

Question 13

What does ‘intermediate’ mean in anatomical terms?

Answer 13

Between a more medial/lateral part of body

Question 14

What does ‘proximal’ mean in anatomical terms?

Answer 14

Closer to the origin / point of attachment for a limb

Question 15

What does ‘distal’ mean in anatomical terms?

Answer 15

Farther from the origin / point of attachment for a limb

Question 16

What does ‘superficial’ mean in anatomical terms?

Answer 16

Towards or at the body surface

Question 17

What does ‘deep’ mean in anatomical terms?

Answer 17

Away from the body surface / more internal

Question 18

What is a variable in homeostasis?

Answer 18

Factor or event that is being regulated

Question 19

What is a receptor in homeostasis?

Answer 19

A sensor that monitors the environment, responding to stimuli and sending messages

Question 20

What is a control centre in homeostasis?

Answer 20

Determines the ‘set point’ or range which the variable should be maintained. Analyses the input and determines the appropriate response.

Question 21

What is an effector in homeostasis?

Answer 21

Carries out the response

Question 22

What type of feedback is most common in homeostasis?

Answer 22

Most homeostasis = negative feedback

Question 23

What does negative feedback do?

Answer 23

Output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus or reduces its intensity.

Question 24

What does ‘arth-‘ mean?

Answer 24

Joint

Question 25

What does 'cardi-' mean?

Answer 25

Heart

Question 26

What does 'cervic' mean?

Answer 26

Neck

Question 27

What does 'chondr-' mean?

Answer 27

Cartilage

Question 28

What does 'derm-' mean?

Answer 28

Skin

Question 29

What does 'osteo-' mean?

Answer 29

Bone

Question 30

What does the prefix 'an-' mean?

Answer 30

Absence

Question 31

What does the prefix 'bi-' mean?

Answer 31

Two

Question 32

What does the prefix 'dia-' mean?

Answer 32

Through

Question 33

What does the prefix 'ex/ecto-' mean?

Answer 33

Outside

Question 34

What does the prefix 'hemi-' mean?

Answer 34

Half

Question 35

What does the prefix 'micro-' mean?

Answer 35

Small

Question 36

What does the prefix 'peri-' mean?

Answer 36

Around

Question 37

What does the suffix '-algia' mean?

Answer 37

Pain

Question 38

What does the suffix '-cyte' mean?

Answer 38

Cell

Question 39

What does the suffix '-gram' mean?

Answer 39

Data

Question 40

What does the suffix '-is/ism' mean?

Answer 40

Condition

Question 41

What does the suffix '-osis' mean?

Answer 41

Affected by/ state

Question 42

What does the suffix '-pathy' mean?

Answer 42

Disease