Chapter 1 Test

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of body structure and relationships

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Study of body function and life-sustaining activities

Question 3

Gross Anatomy

Answer 3

Study of large, visible structures

Question 4

Regional Anatomy

Answer 4

Focuses on specific body regions

Question 5

System Anatomy

Answer 5

Studies single organ systems

Question 6

Surface Anatomy

Answer 6

Relates internal structures to skin.

Question 7

Cytology

Answer 7

Study of cells

Question 8

Histology

Answer 8

Study of tissues

Question 9

Developmental Anatomy

Answer 9

Tracks life development.

Question 10

Embryology

Answer 10

Pre-birth development.

Question 11

Structural Organization Levels

Answer 11

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 12

Necessary Life Functions

Answer 12

Boundary maintenance, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth.

Question 13

Homeostasis

Answer 13

Maintains stable internal conditions.
Dynamic equilibrium.
Involves receptors, control centers, effectors

Question 14

Receptor

Answer 14

detect sensations

Question 15

Control Center

Answer 15

provides centralized monitoring, control and command about concrete situations.

Question 16

Effector

Answer 16

any organ or tissue that receives information from the integrating center and acts to bring about the changes needed to maintain homeostasis

Question 17

Negative Feedback

Answer 17

Most common mechanism.
Response reverses initial stimulus.
E.g., temperature regulation, blood glucose.

Question 18

Positive Feedback

Answer 18

Enhances initial stimulus.
Less common.
E.g., labor contractions, blood clotting.

Question 19

Homeostatic Imbalance

Answer 19

Disrupts homeostasis.
Increases disease risk.
Occurs with aging or overwhelmed mechanisms.

Question 20

Anatomical Position or Ventral

Answer 20

Body erect with arms at sides,palms forward

Question 21

Posterior or Dorsal

Answer 21

Back

Question 22

Superior or Cranial

Answer 22

toward the head of the body

Question 23

Inferior or caudal

Answer 23

away from the head; lower

Question 24

Lateral

Answer 24

sides

Question 25

Medial

Answer 25

going in the middle

Question 26

Proximal

Answer 26

towards the trunk or the point of origin

Question 27

Distal

Answer 27

Away from the point of origin or from the trunk

Question 28

Supine

Answer 28

lying face up

Question 29

Prone

Answer 29

lying face down

Question 30

Lumen

Answer 30

opening inside a tubular structure which is lined by epithelial tissue; blood vessel

Question 31

Central

Answer 31

near midpoint

Question 32

Peripheral

Answer 32

away from midpoint

Question 33

Medullary

Answer 33

inside

Question 34

Cortex

Answer 34

outside

Question 35

Apical

Answer 35

high point

Question 36

Base

Answer 36

base

Question 37

Digits

Answer 37

fingers

Question 38

Cephalic

Answer 38

head

Question 39

Axillary

Answer 39

armpits

Question 40

Mammary

Answer 40

breast

Question 41

Bracheal

Answer 41

arm

Question 42

Cubital

Answer 42

elbow

Question 43

Antecubital

Answer 43

front of the elbow

Question 44

Umbical

Answer 44

navel

Question 45

Antebrachial

Answer 45

forearm

Question 46

Carpal

Answer 46

wrist

Question 47

Femoral

Answer 47

thigh

Question 48

Inguinal

Answer 48

Groin

Question 49

Coronal Plane or Frontal Plane

Answer 49

A vertical plane running from side to side

Question 50

Sagittal Plane or Lateral Plane

Answer 50

A vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides.

Question 51

Axial Plane or Transverse Plane

Answer 51

A horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts.

Question 52

Mid-sagittal plane

Answer 52

through the midline of the body

Question 53

Axial subdivision

Answer 53

Head Neck Torso, or trunk, and its subdivisions

Question 54

Appendicular subdivision

Answer 54

Upper extremity and subdivisions Lower extremity and subdivisions

Question 55

Body Regions

Answer 55

Right Upper, Left Upper, Right Lower, and Left Lower Quadrants

Question 56

Thoracic cavity

Answer 56

The upper ventral, thoracic, or chest cavity contains the heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, large blood vessels, and nerves. The thoracic cavity is bound laterally by the ribs (covered by costal pleura) and the diaphragm caudally (covered by diaphragmatic pleura).

Question 57

Abdominal cavity

Answer 57

The abdominal cavity contains most of the gastrointestinal tract as well as the kidneys and adrenal glands. The abdominal cavity is bound cranially by the diaphragm, laterally by the body wall, and caudally by the pelvic cavity

Question 58

Pelvic cavity

Answer 58

The pelvic cavity contains most of the urogenital system as well as the rectum. The pelvic cavity is bounded cranially by the abdominal cavity, dorsally by the sacrum, and laterally by the pelvis.

Question 59

Dorsal Cavity

Answer 59

The smaller of the two main cavities is called the dorsal cavity. As its name implies, it contains organs lying more posterior in the body. The dorsal cavity, again, can be divided into two portions. The upper portion, or the cranial cavity, houses the brain, and the lower portion, or vertebral canal houses the spinal cord.

Question 60

Metabolism

Answer 60

the chemical process of the body