Chapter 1- The Earth

Question 0

Mantle

Answer 0

The mantle consists of hot soft rock called magma and is around 4000 degrees

Question 1

Crust

Answer 1

The crust is the earths outer skin and consists of solid rock.

Question 2

Core

Answer 2

The core is made up of iron and nickel and reaches over 5000 degrees

Question 3

Magma

Answer 3

The melted material that makes up the earths mantle

Question 4

Plate Tectonics

Answer 4

Earths crust is broken into many pieces and is moving constantly

Question 5

Plate Boundaries

Answer 5

Where a plate starts and ends

Question 6

Destructive Boundary

Answer 6

When 2 plates collide the heavier one is forced to downwards into the mantle

Question 7

Constructive Boundary

Answer 7

When 2 plates pull apart magma rises and creates a new crust

Question 8

Convection currents

Answer 8

The hot core heats up the magma in the mantle and this creates convection currents

Question 9

Pangaea

Answer 9

The continents began as one large landmass called Pangaea

Question 10

Continental drift

Answer 10

When plates move with continents that is how e.g. Europe and Africa is formed this way

Question 11

Mid ocean ridge

Answer 11

Mid ocean ridge is and underground mountain range it is formed when a constructive boundary occurs

Question 12

Crater

Answer 12

Mouth of the volcano

Question 13

Vent

Answer 13

Magma reaches the surface through a vent

Question 14

Magma reservoir

Answer 14

Where the magma is held before erupting

Question 15

Active

Answer 15

The volcano is still erupt regularly

Question 16

Dormant

Answer 16

The volcano hasn’t erupted in hundreds of years but could erupt again

Question 17

Extinct

Answer 17

Volcano has erupted in over a 1000 years

Question 18

What is an earthquake

Answer 18

An earthquake is a sudden movement or trembling of the earths crust

Question 19

Fault line

Answer 19

The plates move along the fault line

Question 20

Tremor

Answer 20

Spread out from the focus

Question 21

Focus

Answer 21

The DEEP point in the earths crust where the earthquake begins

Question 22

Epicentre

Answer 22

It’s the point directly over the focus on the surface where the tremors are the strongest

Question 23

AfterShock

Answer 23

It’s a smaller tremor that occurs hours or days after the main earthquake

Question 24

What is a Passive Boundary

Answer 24

At this boundary two plates past each other and if the plates jam tension builds up and when this tension(energy) is released an earthquake occurs

Question 25

``` Mount St.Helen WHERE? Most recent eruption Build up to eruption Huge volcanic eruption Aftermath ```

Answer 25

Rocky Mts,Washington State, USA July 2008 small earthquake,ash stream and small lava flows out of crater. Gas,stream,ash,lava,rock Destruction,60 ppl died and destroyed forest

Question 26

The negative and positive effects if volcanoes

Answer 26

N- death,destruction and ash clouds | P- tourism and fertile land

Question 27

Seismometer

Answer 27

Seismometer - a pen on the tip of the seismometer records tremors on a rotating drum

Question 28

Richter scale

Answer 28

Uses seismometer to measure the intensity of an earthquake of its magnitude, it is a scientific scale

Question 29

Metrically scale

Answer 29

Isn't a scientific scale. It describes intensity of an earthquake

Question 30

``` Sichuan earthquake WHERE WHEN STRENGTH PLATES INVOLVED 3 effects ```

Answer 30

``` Sichuan,China May 2008 7.9 magnitude Eurasian and Indian -5million people homeless -12million animals killed -70k people killed ```

Question 31

Tsunami

Answer 31

A huge wave that is occurred by a underground earthquake

Question 32

Fold mountain e.g

Answer 32

The nazca and s.american collide at destructive boundary The rocks that lie on the plates are compressed and forced upwards The layers of rock buckle and crack into folds.

Question 33

Alpine fold mts WHEN? EXAMPLES

Answer 33

30-35 million years ago | The Andes,Rockies and Himalayas

Question 34

Armorican WHEN? EXAMPLES

Answer 34

250million years ago when African and American plates collide McGillicuddy reeks, Comeragh and Galtee.