Chapter 1: The Human Body

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

the study of the structure of the human body (AKA morphology: the science of form)

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

the study of body function

Question 3

Gross anatomy

Answer 3

the study of body structures that can be examined by the naked eye (i.e. bones, muscles, lungs)

Question 4

Regional anatomy

Answer 4

all structures in a single body region are examined as a group (i.e. abdomen, head, etc.)

Question 5

Systemic anatomy

Answer 5

all organs with related functions are studied (i.e. muscular system, skeletal system). Best for relating structure to function!

Question 6

Surface anatomy

Answer 6

the study of shapes and markings (landmarks) on the surface of the body that reveal the underlying organs. (Ex. clinicians use it to locate blood vessels for places catheters, drawing blood, etc.)

Question 7

What structures does microscopic anatomy deal with?

Answer 7

cells, cell parts, groups of cells/tissues, microscopic details of body organs

Question 8

Developmental anatomy

Answer 8

traces the structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span & the effects of aging

Question 9

Embryology

Answer 9

the study of how body structures form & develop before birth

Question 10

Pathological anatomy

Answer 10

studies the structural changes in cells, tissues & organs caused by disease

Question 11

Radiographic anatomy

Answer 11

studies internal body structures by means of X-ray & other imaging techniques

Question 12

Axial region

Answer 12

head, neck & trunk

Question 13

Trunk region

Answer 13

thorax (chest), abdomen, pelvis, perineum

Question 14

Appendicular region

Answer 14

limbs / appendages / extremities

Question 15

Superior (cranial)

Answer 15

toward the head or upper part of a structure or the body; above

Ex. The head is superior to the abdomen.

Question 16

Inferior (caudal)

Answer 16

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

Ex. The navel is inferior to the nose.

Question 17

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 17

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

Ex. The breastbone is anterior to the spine.

Question 18

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 18

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

Ex. The heart is posterior to the breastbone

Question 19

Medial

Answer 19

Toward or at the mid-line of the body; on the inner side of

Ex. The heart is medial to the arm

Question 20

Lateral

Answer 20

Away from the mid-line of the body; on the outer side of

Ex. The arms are lateral to the chest

Question 21

Proximal

Answer 21

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Ex. The elbow is proximal to the wrist

Question 22

Distal

Answer 22

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Ex. The knee is distal to the thigh

Question 23

Superficial (external)

Answer 23

Toward or at the body surface

ex. the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles

Question 24

Deep (internal)

Answer 24

Away from the body surface

ex. The lungs are deep to the skin

Question 25

Ipsilateral

Answer 25

On the same side ex. The right hand and right foot are ipsilateral

Question 26

Contralateral

Answer 26

On opposite sides ex. The right hand and left foot are contralateral.

Question 27

abduct

Answer 27

to draw away from the median line or axis

Question 28

adduct

Answer 28

to draw toward the median line or axis

Question 29

aveolus

Answer 29

pit, sac, or socket, "a hollow"

Question 30

articulate

Answer 30

a joining as in a joint; to bind or make tight

Question 31

bifurcate

Answer 31

to divide into two branches - "fork"

Question 32

canal

Answer 32

tubular channel comprised of the same tissue through which it travels

Question 33

condyle

Answer 33

knob or rounded eminence that articulates (joins) with another bone

Question 34

crista

Answer 34

narrowing projecting ridge of a bone, "crest"

Question 35

afferent

Answer 35

nerve fiber or blood vessel the "carries toward" a structure or organ

Question 36

efferent

Answer 36

nerve fiber or blood vessel that "carries away" from a structure or organ

Question 37

fissure

Answer 37

narrow opening or slit in the bone

Question 38

foramen

Answer 38

opening or hole in a bone or membrane, "door"

Question 39

fossa

Answer 39

shallow longitudinal depression of a surface, "dig"

Question 40

fovea

Answer 40

small concave, cup-shaped depression in bone that articulates with another bone, "pit"

Question 41

frontal / coronal plane

Answer 41

divides organs into anterior (ventral) & posterior (dorsal) halves

Question 42

head

Answer 42

round portion of the proximal end of a bone that articulates with another bone

Question 43

meatus

Answer 43

canal or passageway through a bone or organ

Question 44

parietal

Answer 44

referring to the perimeter of the body or of a cavity, "wall"

Question 45

process

Answer 45

prominence of a bone that projects from the main mass

Question 46

prone

Answer 46

lying with the face and palms downward

Question 47

sagittal

Answer 47

the plane that divides organs into right and left halves, "arrow"

Question 48

sinus

Answer 48

hollow cavity, passage or recess in a bone or vessel

Question 49

spin

Answer 49

bony process that is sharp & narrow

Question 50

supine

Answer 50

lying with the face and palms upward

Question 51

transverse

Answer 51

horizontal plane or cross section that divides organs into superior and inferior parts

Question 52

trochanter

Answer 52

one of two bony processes of the femur for muscle attachment

Question 53

tubercle

Answer 53

small knobby prominence on a bone

Question 54

tuberosity

Answer 54

roughened, large prominence on a bone for muscle attachment

Question 55

viscera

Answer 55

referring to internal organs or viscera

Question 56

vascular

Answer 56

having a blood supply, "vessels"