Chapter 1: The Human Body

Question 1

Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

Concerns the function of the body, in other words, how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.

Answer 3

Macroscopic anatomy

Question 4

All the structures (muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, etc.) in a particular region of the body, such as the abdomen or leg, are examined at the same time.

Answer 4

Regional anatomy

Question 5

Body structure is studied system by system. For example, when studying the cardiovascular system, you would examine the heart and the blood vessels of the entire body.

Answer 5

Systemic anatomy

Question 6

The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface.

Answer 6

Surface anatomy

Question 7

Deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye.

Answer 7

Microscopic anatomy

Question 8

The study of the cells of the body

Answer 8

Cytology

Question 9

The study of tissues

Answer 9

Histology

Question 10

Traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span.

Answer 10

Developmental anatomy

Question 11

A subdivision of developmental anatomy, concerns developmental changes that occur before birth.

Answer 11

Embryology

Question 12

Studies structural changes caused by disease.

Answer 12

Pathological anatomy

Question 13

Studies internal structures as visualized by X-ray images or specialized scanning procedures.

Answer 13

Radiographic anatomy

Question 14

Feeling organs with your hands

Answer 14

Palpation

Question 15

Listening to organ sounds with a stethoscope

Answer 15

Auscultation

Question 16

Concerns kidney function and urine production

Answer 16

Renal physiology

Question 17

Explains the workings of the nervous system

Answer 17

Neurophysiology

Question 18

Examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

Answer 18

Cardiovascular physiology

Question 19

What a structure can do depends on its specific form

Answer 19

Principle of complementarity of structure and function

Question 20

The simplest level of the structural hierarchy. At this level, atoms. tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules such as water and proteins.

Answer 20

Chemical level

Question 21

All cells have some common functions, but individual cells vary widely in size and shape, reflecting their unique functions in the body

Answer 21

Cellular level

Question 22

Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function.

Answer 22

Tissue level

Question 23

Extremely complex functions become possible.

Answer 23

Organ level

Question 24

Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

Answer 24

Organ system level

Question 25

Represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive

Answer 25

Organismal level

Question 26

Includes the activities promoted by the muscular system, such as propelling ourselves from one place to another by running or swimming, and manipulating the external environment with our nimble fingers

Answer 26

Movement

Question 27

The muscle cell's ability to move by shortening

Answer 27

Contractility

Question 28

The ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them

Answer 28

Responsiveness or excitability

Question 29

The breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood

Answer 29

Digestion

Question 30

All chemical reactions that occur within body cells. It includes breaking down substances into their simpler building blocks, synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substances, and using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP, the energy-rich molecules that power cellular activities.

Answer 30

Metabolism

Question 31

The process of removing wastes, or excreta, from the body

Answer 31

Excretion

Question 32

Occurs at the cellular and the organismal level.

Answer 32

Reproduction

Question 33

An increase in size of a body part or the organism as a whole

Answer 33

Growth

Question 34

Taken in via the dies, contain the chemical substances used for energy and cell building. Carbohydrates are the major energy fuel for body cells.

Answer 34

Nutrients

Question 35

Accounts for 60% to 80% of our body weight and is the simple most abundant chemical substance in the body

Answer 35

Water

Question 36

Normal body temperature

Answer 36

98.6 degrees

Question 37

The force that air exerts on the surface of the body

Answer 37

Atmospheric pressure

Question 38

Ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even thought the outside world changes continuously

Answer 38

Homeostasis

Question 39

the factor or event being regulated

Answer 39

Variable

Question 40

Some type of sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes called stimuli, by sending information to the second component, the control center

Answer 40

Receptor

Question 41

Determines the set point, which is the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained

Answer 41

Control center

Question 42

Provides the means for the control center's response to the stimulus

Answer 42

Effector