Chapter 1: The human organism

Question 1

Define anatomy

Answer 1

investigates the body’s structure
study of form

Question 2

define physiology

Answer 2

scientific investigation of process and functions of living things

Question 3

gross anatomy

Answer 3

structures examined without a microscope

Question 4

regional

Answer 4

studied area by area

Question 5

systemic

Answer 5

studied system by system

Question 6

surface

Answer 6

external form used to visualize deeper structures

Question 7

What is microscopic

Answer 7

structures so small they require aid of microscope

Question 8

what is cytology

Answer 8

examines the structural features of the cell (cellular anatomy)

Question 9

what is histology

Answer 9

study of tissue

Question 10

Developmental anatomy

Answer 10

changes from conception to adulthood

Question 11

cellular physiology

Answer 11

processes within cells

Question 12

systemic physiology

Answer 12

functions with organ systems

Question 13

pathology

Answer 13

structural and functional changes caused by diseases

Question 14

Exercise Physiology

Answer 14

structural and functional. changes cause by exercise

Question 15

Level of organisms

Answer 15

Chemical- interactions of atoms and molecules

Question 16

Level of organism

Answer 16

cellular- structural and functional unit of living organisms

Question 17

level of organism

Answer 17

tissue- group of similiar cell and material surrounding them

Question 18

level of organisms

Answer 18

organ- one or more tissues

Question 19

level of organism

Answer 19

organ system- group of organs working together

Question 20

level of organism

Answer 20

organism - any living thing

Question 21

What is the order of organization

Answer 21

Chemical- cell- tissue-organ-organ system-organism

Question 22

Characteristics of Life

Answer 22

Organization- interrelationship among parts of an organisms

Question 23

characteristics of life

Answer 23

metabolism- all the chemical reactions that are taking place with the organism

Question 24

characteristics of life

Answer 24

responsiveness- ability to sense changes and adjust

Question 25

characteristics of life

Answer 25

growth- increase in overall number of cell

Question 26

characteristics of life

Answer 26

development- changes an organism undergoes through time

Question 27

characteristics of life

Answer 27

reproduction- formation of new cells or new organisms

Question 28

subdivision of development

Answer 28

differentiation- change from general to specific

Question 29

subdivision of development

Answer 29

morphogenesis- change in shape of tissues( organs)

Question 30

Homeostasis

Answer 30

maintain a stable internal environment in response to external changes

Question 31

Ranges of homeostasis

Answer 31

Values of Variables (conditions) fluctuate around the set point to establish normal ranges

Question 32

Set point

Answer 32

the ideal normal value of a variable

Question 33

Feedback loops components

Answer 33

receptors- monitors the value of some variable by detecting stimulus

Question 34

Feedback loops components

Answer 34

control center - establishes the set point and receives input from the receptor

Question 35

Feedback loops components

Answer 35

effectors- generates the response which can changes the variables

Question 36

Negative feedback

Answer 36

regulates most systems in the body ( counteracts a change in a variable by decreasing the deviation from a set point to help homeostasis)

Question 37

example of negative feedback

Answer 37

elevated blood glucose stimulates the secretion of the hormone insulin

Question 38

positive feedback

Answer 38

not homeostatic acts to increase deviations from a set point

Question 39

Example of harmful positive feedback

Answer 39

drop in blood pressure after hemorrhage

Question 40

example of normal positive feedback

Answer 40

childbirth, blood clotting

Question 41

anatomical position

Answer 41

body is standing erect, face is forward, palms are facing forward, arms are on side

Question 42

sagittal

Answer 42

divides body into right and left portions

Question 43

median

Answer 43

is the sagittal plane down the midline of body

Question 44

transverse

Answer 44

divides body into superior and inferior

Question 45

coronal

Answer 45

divides body into anterior and posterior

Question 46

longitudinal

Answer 46

cut along the length of an organ

Question 47

tranverse (cross )

Answer 47

cut at right angle to the length of the organ

Question 48

oblique

Answer 48

cut at any but a right angle

Question 49

Body cavity subdivision

Answer 49

cranial cavity- houses the brain

Question 50

Body cavity subdivision

Answer 50

vertebral canal- houses the spinal cord

Question 51

Body cavity subdivision

Answer 51

thoracic cavity- divides the left and right pleural cavities ( encloses lungs and medial mediastinum)

Question 52

Body cavity subdivision

Answer 52

abdominopelvic - seperates from thoracic by the diaphragm (consist of abdominal and pelvic cavity)

Question 53

Serous membrane

Answer 53

the wall of body cavities and the surface of internal organs

Question 54

Layer of serous membrane

Answer 54

inner balloon wall represents visceral serous membrane that covers the organs

Question 55

Layer of serous membrane

Answer 55

outer balloon wall represents parietal it lines the cavity

Question 56

Pericardium

Answer 56

surrounds the heart, contains pericardial fluid

Question 57

pleura

Answer 57

surround the lungs and lines the thoracic fluid, contains pleural fluid

Question 58

peritoneum

Answer 58

surrounds many abdominal organs and lines the abdominopelvic cavity contains peritoneal fluid

Question 59

Layer of serous membrane

Answer 59

retroperitoneal- behind the peritoneum, organs or parts that only have peritoneum on their peritoneal cavity side (kidneys, urters, adrenal glands_)