Chapter 1 The human organism Flashcards
Physiology
Scientific investigation of the processes and functions of the body
Anatomy
Scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structure
Gross anatomy
Study of the structures that can be seen without a microscope aka macroscopic anatomy
Regional anatomy
Studied by region of the body
Systemic anatomy
Study of anatomy by body system
Microscopic anatomy
Study of structures not visible to the naked eye
Cell physiology
Studies the processes in cells
Neurophysiology
Studies the nervous system
Exercise physiology
Studies the change in structure and function caused by exercise
What are the levels of Structural and functional organization
Chemical: the interaction of atoms
Cell: the functional unit of life
Tissue: a group of the same type of cells
Organ: a group of dissimilar tissues functioning together
Organ system: a group of organs functioning together
Organism: any living thing
Name the 11 organ systems
Skeletal Muscular Nervous Reproductive Integumentary Cardiovascular Respiratory Lymphatic Digestive Endocrine Urinary
What are the six characteristics of life
Organization: there are specific relationships and functions
Metabolism: all chemical reactions in the body
Responsiveness: ability to sense changes and adjust
Growth: increase in size or number of cells
Developement: changes in an organism over time
Differentiation: from general to specific
Morphogenesis: change in shape of tissues, organs
Reproduction: new cells or new organisms
How does an organism maintain homeostasis
The organism has a “set point” around which variables may cause it to vacillate within a “normal range”
Explain negative feedback
A system receives input the causes the response to be smaller, any deviation from the set point is made smaller
Ex: regulation of blood pressure, body temp, blood sugar
Describe positive feedback
The system receives feedback that causes the response to be larger. Unusual in normal healthy individuals for most systems
