Chapter-1 The Living World Flashcards
TYPES OF ORGANISATION , DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING WORLD, NOMENCLATURE, CLASSIFICATION, TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES (133 cards)
1
Q
WHAT IS BIOLOGY ?
A
THE STORY OF LIFE ON EARTH.
2
Q
WHAT IS LIVING ?
A
THE CAPACITY OR ABILITY TO PERFORM FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES .
3
Q
LIST SOME OF THE FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES ?
A
CELLULAR ORGANIZATION
GROWTH
METABOLISM
REPRODUCTION
CONSCIOUSNESS
INTERACTIONS
4
Q
CELLULAR ORGANIZATION
WHAT IS A CELL. WHAT IS IT MADE UP OF ?
A
A CELL IS A STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF LIFE.
______________________________
IT IS MADE UP OF MASS OF PROTOPLASM AND A NUCLEUS.
5
Q
WHICH TYPE OF CELL HAS A CELL WALL ?
A
A PLANT CELL.
6
Q
WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF CELLS ? ( DISTINCT NUCLEUS ).
A
PROKARYOTIC ( WITHOUT )
EUKARYOTIC (WITH).
7
Q
WHAT IS THE ORDER OF LIVING ?
A
MOLECULES
CELL
TISSUE
ORGAN
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANISM
POPULATION
COMMUNITY
ECOSYSTEM
BIOSPHERE
8
Q
GROWTH
WHAT IS GROWTH ?
A
THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF CELLS DUE TO METABOLIC ACTIVITIES.
9
Q
WHAT ARE THOSE METABOLIC ACTIVITIES ?
A
CELL DIVISION
CELL ELONGATION
CELL DIFFERENTIATION
10
Q
GROWTH IN LIVING ORGANISMS IS _____________
A
INTERNAL
11
Q
NEW MOLECULES ARE PRODUCED BY
A
PROTOPLASM
12
Q
GROWTH IS _____________ IN PLANTS DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF ________________
A
INDEFINITE
MERISTEMS
13
Q
WHAT IS NOT CONSIDERED AS GROWTH ?
A
INCREASE IN WEIGHT AFTER CONSUMPTION OF FOOD
14
Q
VIRUS IS NON LIVING IT MULTIPLIES IN ______________
A
LIVING CELLS
15
Q
WHICH DEFINING FEATURE IS PRESENT IN ALL LIVING ORGANISMS WITHOUT EXCEPTION ?
A
METABOLISM
16
Q
METABOLISM
WHAT IS METABOLISM ? ( CONSTRUCTIVE +…. DESTRUCTIVE -)
A
METABOLISM= + ANABOLIC - CATABOLIC
17
Q
WHAT IS ANABOLIC ?
A
PRODUCTION OF STARCH FROM
CO2 AND H2O IN PRESENCE OF LIGHT
18
Q
WHAT IS CATABOLIC ?
A
BREAKDOWN OF FOOD TO RELEASE
ATP ( DURING RESPIRATION )
19
Q
EX: FOR METABOLIC PROCESS ( MOSTLY INTERNAL EXTERNAL IN SOME FUNGI )
A
DIGESTION
RESPIRATION
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
20
Q
REPRODUCTION
WHAT IS REPRODUCTION ?
A
PRODUCTION OF PROGENCY ( OFFSPRINGS )
21
Q
LIVING ORGANISMS EXHIBIT WHAT TYPE OF REPRODUCTION ?
A
SEXUAL
ASEXUAL
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
22
Q
WHAT SPREAD AND MULTIPLY WITH THE HELP OF ASEXUAL SPORES ?
A
FUNGI
23
Q
EG. FOR REPRODUCTION BY BUDDING ?
A
YEAST
SPONGES
HYDRA
24
Q
EG. FOR REPRODUCTION BY FRAGMENTATION ?
A
FUNGI
FILAMENTOUS ALGAE
PROTONEMA OF MOSSES
25
REPRODUCTION IN :
BACTERIA
ALGAE OR AMOEBA
IS EQUAL TO
GROWTH
26
WHICH LIVING ORGANISMS CANNOT REPRODUCE ?
MULES
STERILE WORKER BEES
27
IS REPRODUCTION A DEFINING CHARACTER. EXPLAIN ?
NO, BECAUSE SOME LIVING THINGS DO NOT REPRODUCE
28
NON LIVING OBJECTS ARE BROKEN INTO SMALLER PARTS.
THIS PROCESS IS CALLED ?
WEATHERING
29
DIFFERENCE B/W SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
SUBHEADING WILL BE GIVEN TELL THE DIFFERENCE
30
FORMATION & FUSION
SEXUAL:
HAS FORMATION & FUSION
ASEXUAL:
NO FORMATION & FUSION
31
PARENTAL
SEXUAL:
BI-PARENTAL
ASEXUAL:
UNI-PARENTAL
32
REPRODUCTIVE UNITS
SEXUAL:
GERM CELL
ASEXUAL:
SOMATIC CELLS
33
OCCURRENCE OF MITOSIS & MEIOSIS
SEXUAL:
MEIOSIS DURING SPOROGENESIS
ASEXUAL:
BOTH OCCUR IN ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
34
OFFSPRING
SEXUAL:
DIFFERENT
ASEXUAL:
SIMILAR
35
CONSCIOUSNESS
WHAT IS CONSCIOUSNESS ?
ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI
36
RESPONSE CAN BE ?
PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL
BIOLOGICAL
37
WHICH ORGANISMS ARE AWARE OF THEMSELVES. BEING AWARE ALSO THEMSELVES IS TERMED AS ?
HUMAN BEINGS
___________________________
SELF CONSCIOUSNESS
38
ORGANISMS ARE SAID TO DEAD WHEN ?
CONSCIOUSNESS IS LOST
39
INTERACTIONS
WHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF INTERACTIONS ?
COMPETITION
PREDATION
SYMBIOSIS
40
WHAT IS COMPETITION ?
FIGHTING FOR RESOURCES
41
WHAT IS PREDATION ?
KILLING THE OTHER FOR SURVIVAL
42
WHAT IS SYMBIOSIS ?
THE MUTUAL BENEFICIAL INTERACTION
EX: LICHENS
43
DIVERSITY IN TE LIVING WORLD
WHAT IS A SPECIES ?
ANY KIND OF ANIMAL OR PLANT
44
WHAT IS THE RANGE OF SPECIES ?
1.7 TO 1.8 MILLIONS OF SPECIES
45
WHAT HELPS US IN REMEMBERING ALL SPECIES ?
TAXONOMY
46
WHAT IS TAXONOMY ?
IT DEALS WITH IDENTIFICATION, NOMENCLATURE, CLASSIFICATION
47
IN EARLY DAYS,
TAXONOMY WAS DIVIDED INTO :-
USEFUL
UNUSEFUL
POISONOUS
48
THE STUDY OF RELATIONSHIPS B/W SPECIES IS CALLED ?
SYSTEMATICS
49
SO LET US LEARN ABOUT IDENTIFICATION
IDENTIFICATION IS DIVIDED INTO ?
HERBARIUM
BOTANICAL GARDENS
MUSEUM
ZOOLOGICAL PARKS
KEYS
50
DEFINE HERBARIUM ?
DEPOSITORY OF PLANT SPEICIMENS WHICH ARE DRIED, PRESSED, PRESERVED ON SHEETS.
51
IN HERBARIUM, THE PLANTS SHOULD BE COLLECTED WHEN AND WHAT ARE THE NESSACERY PARTS ?
IN DIFFERENT REPRODUCTIVE STAGES
___________________________________
LEAVES
FLOWERS
ROOTS
INFLOUROCENSE
FRUITS
52
IN HERBARIUM, WHAT IS A VASCULUM. WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE ?
IT IS A BOX IN WHICH PLANT SPEICEMENS ARE STORED
___________________________________
THE PREVENT LOSS OF WATER AND DISTORTIONS
53
WHAT CAN WE USE INSTEAD OF VASCULUM ?
POLYTHENE BAGS
54
IN VASCULUM ( HERBARIUM ), WHAT DO THE FIRLD NOTEBOOKS HOLD ?
HABIT
HABITAT
LOCALITY
ALTITUDE OF THE PLACE
SEASON
COLOURS OF FLOWER
DATE OF COLLECTION
55
IN VASCULUM, AFTER THE SPECIMEN IS COLLECTED WHAT PROCESS TAKES PLACE ?
THEY ARE PRESSED B/W BLOTTING PAPER.
| IT IS NESSACERY TO CHGE THE BLOTTING PAPER TO AVOID FUNGAL GROWTH
56
IN VASCULUM, ONCE THE SPECIMEN IS DRIED ?
IT IS STICKED INTO HEBARIUM SHEET
57
WHAT IS THE STANDERD LENGTH OF HERBARIUM SHEET ?
29CM X 41CM
58
WHAT IS A BOTANICAL GARDEN ?
TYPES OF PLANTS FROM DIFFERENT PLACES
59
WHICH COUNTRY HAS THE LARGEST BOTANICAL GARDEN ?
ENGLAND
60
WHICH STATE IN INDIA HAS THE LARGEST BOTANICAL GARDEN ?
KOLKATA (INDIAN BOTANICALGARDEN )
61
DEFINE ZOOLOGICAL PARKS ?
THEY ARE VERY SIMILAR TO ZOOS OR THEY ARE ZOOS. THEY HELP US TO STUDY ABOUT ANIMALS.
62
WHAT IS THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOUR CALLED ?
ETHOLOGY
63
NAME 2 IMP. ZOOS OF INDIA ?
NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK, MATHURA ROAD, NEW DELHI
___________________________________
NEHURU ZOOLOGICAL PARK, HYDERABAD, TELANGANA
64
WHAT IS THE USE OF A MUSEUM ?
USED FOR PRESERVATION AND EXHIBITION
65
WHICH TYPES OF PLANTS ARE KEPT IN MUSEUM EX. ?
PLANTS WHICH CANNOT BE KEPT IN HERBARIA ARE KEPT IN MUSEUMS
___________________________________
ALGAE
MOSSESS
FUNGI
FERN
PARTS OF GYMNOSPERMS
FRUITS
UNDERGROUND STORAGE ORGANS
ETC.
66
WHAT DOES THE PRESERVATIVE SOLUTION CONTAIN ?
ALCHOHOL
&
FORMALIN
67
HOW ARE LARGE ANIMALS PRESERVED IN MUSEUMS ?
IN STUFFED AND SKELETON FORMS
68
WHAT IS A KEY ?
A SET OF OPPOSITE STAMENTS ARRANGED IN SEQUENCE OF SELECTION & ELIMINATION
69
WHAT DOES A KEY CONTAIN ?
## Footnote
STRUCTURE
MANY COUPLETS
HAVE
2 LEADS WHICH ARE OPPOSITE IN NATURE
70
DEPENDING ON CATEGORY WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF KEYS ?
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
71
WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF KEY ?
BRAKETED
_______________
INTENDED
72
WHAT IS A BRACKETED KEY ?
THE LEADS ARE GIVEN NUMBERS IN BRACKETS
73
WHAT IS A INTENDED KEY ?
THERE ARE 2 OR MORE LEADS FOR SELECTION & ELIMINATION
74
WHAT ARE SOME OTHER MEANS OF RECORDING DESCRIPTIONS ?
FLORA
MANUALS
MONOGRAPHS
CATALOGES
75
DEFINE FLORA ?
CONTAINS ALL INFO OF PLANTA OF AN AREA
76
DEFINE MANUALS ?
CONTAINS INFO FOR IDENTIFICATION OF NAMES OF AN AREA
77
DEFINE MONOGRAPHS ?
CONTAINS INFO ON ONLY 1 TAXON
78
DEFINE CATALOGE ?
LIST OF PLANT TAXA OF AN AREA ARRANGED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER OR SYSTEMATICAL ORDER
79
WHAT IS NOMENCLATURE. WHAT IS THE USE ?
NOMENTURE = SCIENTIFIC NAME
_______________________________________________
BIOLOGIST FROM ANY PART OF THE WORLD WILL UNDERSTAND IT
## Footnote
LOCAL NAME = VERNACULAR NAMES
80
WHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF NOMENCLAUTURE ?
POLYNOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
TRINOMIAL NOMENCLAUTURE
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
81
WHAT IS POLYNOMIAL NOMENCLATURE ?
HAS MANY LATIN WORD
82
WHAT IS TRINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE ?
HAS 3 LATIN WORD
83
SCIENTIFIC NAME OF INDIAN CROW ?
| TRINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
CORVUS SPLENDENES SPLENDENES
84
SCIENTIFIC NAME OF CABBAGE ?
| TRINOMIAL NOMENCLAUTURE
BRASSICA OLERACEAE CAPITATA
85
WHAT IS BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE ?
HAS 2 LATIN WORDS
86
WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC NAME OF MANGO ?
| BINOMIAL NOMENCLAUTURE
MANGIFERA INDICA
87
RULES OF NOMENCLATURE
CODE WILL BE GIVEN TELL THE ANSWER
88
ICBN 1961
INTERNATIONAL CODE OF BATANICAL NOMENCLATURE
89
ICZN 1964
INTERNATIONAL CODE OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE
90
ICNB
INTERNATIONAL CODE FOR NOMENCLATURE OF BACTERIA
91
ICNCP
INTERNATIONAL CODE FOR NOMENCLATURE OF CULTIVATED PLANTS
92
ICTV
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTE FOR THE TAXONOMY OF VIRUSES
93
INTERNATIONAL BOTANICAL CONGESS MEETING WAS HELD FOR WHAT PURPOSE. IN WHICH YEAR. AT WHAT PLACE ?
ICBN RULES FOR NOMENCLATURE
___________________________________
1867
___________________________________
PARIS ( SO IT IS CALLED PARIS CODE )
94
WHAT IS THE LATEST ICBN CODE ?
VIENNA CODE ( 2006 )
95
BIOLOGICAL NAMES ARE GENERALLY WRITTEN IN ?
## Footnote
RULES OF NOMENCLATURE
LATIN AND ITALICS
96
THE SCIENTIFIC NAME CONSISTS OF
1ST WORD :-?
2ND WORD :- ?
GENUS ---- NOUN------CAPITAL LETTER
___________________________________
SPECIES ----ADJECTIVE----SMALL LETTER
97
SAME GENERIC NAME CANNOT BE GIVEN
___________________________________
SAME SPECIFIC NAME CAN BE GIVEN EX :- ?
RAPHANUS SATIVUS
&
LATHYRUS SATIVUS
| ONE PLANT ONE ANIMAL
98
FULL FORM OF SPECIFIC NAME INCLUDES. EX. ?
GENERIC EPITHET
SPECIFIC EPITHET
AUTHOR CITATION
( ALL 3 ARE TOGETHER CALLED BINOMIAL EPITHET )
_______________________________________________
MANGIFERA INDICA LINN
99
WHAT IS TAUTONYM. EX. ?
SCIENTIFIC NAME WITH SAME WORD USED FOR GENUS OR SPECIES
___________________________________
TAUTONYM MALUS MALUS NOW PYRUS MALUS OR NAJA NAJA
| THEY ARE INVALID FOR BOTANICAL NAMES
100
WHAT IS INDIAN COBRAS SCIENTIFIC NAME ?
MALUS MALUS NOW PYRUS MALUS OR NAJA NAJA
101
THE NAMES OF FAMILIES AND SUB FAMILIES SHOULD BE BASED ON WHAT. EX. ?
TYPE GENUS
________________________________
BRASSICACEAE IS AFTER BRASSICA
______
ASTERACEAE IS AFTER GENUS ASTER
102
IF 2 OR MORE NAMES ARE GIVEN. WHICH NAME IS VALID ?
THE OLDEST NAME IS VALID
| RULE OF PRIORITY
103
THER IS ONE VALID NAME BUT CAN HAVE MANY SYNONYMS.
EX:- ?
PHASEOLUS AUREUS VALID
______________________
VIGNA AUREUS SYNONYM
104
AUTONYM
EX :- ?
| SAME WORD FOR SPECIES AND SUB-SPECIES
CORVUS SPLENDENS SPENDENES
105
HOMONYM
EX:- ?
| ONE NAME FOR 2 DIFFERENT PLANTS
PRUNUS DULSI ( ALMOND AND PLUM )
106
WHAT IS CLASSIFICATION ?
GROUPING BASED ON SIMILARITIES
107
WHAT IS TAXON ?
A UNIT OF CLASSIFICATION
108
WHAT IS TAXA ?
GROUP OF TAXONS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS
109
WHAT IS TAXONOMY ALSO CALLED AS ?
SYSTEMATICS
110
THE WORD SYSTEMA WAS FIRST USED BY ?
LINNEUS
111
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CLASSIFICATION ?
ARTIFICIAL CLASSIFICATION SYS.
NATURAL CLASSIFICATION SYS.
PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION SYS.
112
WHAT IS ARTIICIAL CLASSIFICATION ?
IN WHICH THEY ARE ARRNGED ACCORDING TO
HABIT
COLOUR
NUMBER
SHAPE OF LEAVES
113
EXPLAIN SEXUAL SYS. OF CLASSIICATION.
IT IS A CLASSIFICATION SET BY LINNEUS IN WHICH ANGIOSPERMS ARE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO ARRANGEMENT OF STAMENS AND CARPELS
114
EXPLAIN NATURAL CLASSIFICATION SYS.
ARANGED ACCORCING TO NATURAL RELATIONS INTERNALLY AND EXTERNALLY LIKE
ULTRA STRUCTURE
ANATOMY
EMBYOLOGY
PHTOCHEMISHTRY
115
WHAT IS THE EG. FOR NATURAL SYS. OF CLASSIFICATION ?
BENTHAM AND HOOKERS SYS. OF CLASSIFICATION
116
WHAT IS PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION ?
BASED ON EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS
117
EG. FOR PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION ?
EICHLER CLASSIFICATION
ENGLER AND PRNATL CLASSIFICATION
118
WHAT IS NUMERICAL TAXONOMY ?
BASED ON OBSERVAL CHARECTORS, USING COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE
119
WHAT IS CYTOTAXONOMY ?
BASED ON NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES, STRUCTURE & BEHAVIOR
120
WHAT IS CHEMOTAXONOMY ?
BASED ON CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS ON PLANTS
121
WHAT ARE THE STEPS OF TAXONOMIC HIERACHY/ LINNEUS HIERACHY ?
KINGDOM
DIVISION
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
122
EXPLAIN HOW TO READ TAXONOMIC HIERACHY ?
LOWER TAXA - MORECHERECTERISTICS
HIGHER CATEGORY- MORE DIFFICULTY IN RELATING
123
DEFINE SPECIES ?
SMALLEST UNITS IN HIERACHY.COMMON ANCESTOR.SAME NO. OF CHROMOSOMES
124
NAME SOME SPECIES ?
MANGIFERA **INDICA**
SOLANUM **TUBEROSUM**
HOMO **SAPIEN**
125
WHAT IS A GENUS ?
HAS MANY SPECIES AND FORMS FIRST PART OF BINOMIAL SYSTEM
126
EG. FOR GENUS ?
**SOLANUM **TUBEROLUS-POTATO
**SOLANUM** MELONGENA-BRINGAL
_____________________________________________
**PANTHERA** LEO-LION
**PANTHERA** TIGRIS-TIGER
_______________________________________________
**ALLIUM** CEPA - ONION
**ALLIUM **SATIVUM-GARLIC
127
WHAT IS A FAMILY ?
MANY GENUS
128
EG. FAMILY ?
## Footnote
PLANT WITH SUFFIX, ANIMAL WITH SUFFIX,
MALVACEAE
FABACEAE
SOLANACEAE
___________________________________
EQUEDAE(HORSE FAMILY)
RANIDAE ( FROG FAMILY )
BLATTIDAE ( COCKROACH )
CANIDAE ( DOG FAMILY )
FELIDAE ( CAT FAMILY )
129
WHAT IS A ORDER ?
MANY FAMILY
130
EG. FOR ORDER ?
FLORAL- POLEMONIALES ( SOLANECEAE & CONVOLVULACEAE)
CARNIVOROUS- CARNIVORA ( CANIDAE & FELIDAE )
131
EG FOR CLASS ?
CHLOROPHYCEAE
REPTILES, AVES, MAMMALS ECT.
132
EG FOR KINGDOM ?
PLANT KINGDOM
ANIMAL KINGDOM
133
ACCORDING TO ICBN THE STANDERD SUFFIX ARE ?
DIVISION - PHYTA
CLASS- PHYCEAE OR OPSIDA
ORDER- ALES
FAMILY- ACEAE
**IN ANIMAL KINGDOM :-**
FAMILY- IDAE
CLASS- AE
