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BIOLOGY > Chapter 1 : The Living World > Flashcards

Chapter 1 : The Living World Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Biodiversity

A

refers to the number and types of organisms present on earth

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2
Q

How many species are discovered and described by scientists?

A

1.7-1.8 Million

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3
Q

What are the disadvantages of common names?

A

1) A single species may have several common names that creates confusion.
2) A single common name may apply to various species due to language differences.
3) Many species, generally lacking economic significance, do not have a vernacular name.

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4
Q

What is nomenclature?

A

The process of naming an organism such that a particular organism is known by the same name throughout the world.

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5
Q

ICBN stands for?

A

International Code for Botanical Nomenclature

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6
Q

ICZN stands for?

A

International Code for Zoological Nomenclature

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7
Q

ICVN stands for?

A

International Code for Viral Nomenclature

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8
Q

ICBacN stands for?

A

International Code for Bacterial Nomenclature

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9
Q

What does ICNCP stand for?

A

International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants

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10
Q

Scientific names are based on?

A

Principles and criteria established by scientists.

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11
Q

What is binomial nomenclature?

A

The system of providing a name with two components — first being Generic (Genus name) and second being Specific Epithet (species).

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12
Q

Who proposed the binomial nomenclature system?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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13
Q

Who is known as the father of nomenclature?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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14
Q

What are the two components of a scientific name?

A

1) Generic Name (Genus)
2) Specific Epithet (Species)

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15
Q

What is the scientific name for Mango?

A

Mangifera indica

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16
Q

What is the scientific name for Lion?

A

Panthera leo

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17
Q

What is the scientific name for Tiger?

A

Panthera tigris

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18
Q

What is the scientific name for Leopard?

A

Panthera pardus

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19
Q

What is the scientific name for Brinjal?

A

Solanum melongena

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20
Q

What is the scientific name for Tomato?

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A

Solanum lycopersicum

21
Q

What is the scientific name for Potato?

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A

Solanum tuberosum

22
Q

What are the rules for nomenclature?

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A

1) They are Latinised (derived from Latin irrespective of origin) and are written in italics.
2) The first word represents the Genus (Generic Name) and the second name represents the Species (Specific Epithet).
3) Genus starts with capital letters and species starts with small letter.
4) When scientific names are written, they are separately underlined or are printed in italics.

23
Q

Sometimes scientific names are followed by?

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A

The scientist’s name who described the scientific name in abbreviated form.

Eg. Mangifera indica Linn

24
Q

What is the scientific name for Human Beings?

25
What is the scientific name for Housefly?
_Musca_ _domestica_
26
What is the scientific name for Wheat?
_Triticum_ _aestivum_
27
What is the scientific name for Rice?
_Oryza_ _sativa_
28
What is a tautonym?
Scientific name in which the same word is used for Genus and Species. Eg. Apple - _Malus_ _malus_ Red Fox - _Vulpes_ _vulpes_
29
Taxonomy
Branch of biology that deals with the process of placing organisms into correct taxonomic categories
30
What are the steps of taxonomy?
1) *Characterization* : note down/recognise all the feature 2) *Identification* : done with the help of an already known specimen/taxonomic aids 3) *Classification* : placing of organisms into convenient categories based on observable characters 4) Nomenclature
31
Difference between Classical Taxonomy and Modern Taxonomy
→*Classical Taxonomy* : based on morphological (external) aur vegetative characters →*Modern Taxonomy* - based on both morphological and internal characteristics, cellular structure and reproductive features
32
Systematics
The process of taxonomy and phylogeny (study of evolutionary relationships) together is known as systematics.
33
What are the steps of systematics?
1) Characterisation 2) Identification 3) Classification 4) Nomenclature 5) Phylogeny: study of evolutionary relationship between different organisms
34
Taxonomic category
- Each step of classification represents a rank or a category known as a taxonomic category - there are 7 obligate categories
35
Taxonomic Hierarchy
Ascending order of taxonomic categories from species to Kingdom
36
Species
- the lowest category and basic unit of classification. - group of individuals with fundamental similarities that can interbreed with each other and produce fertile offsprings
37
Genus
A group of related species is known as Genus Eg. Genus Panthera Genus Solanum Genus Canis
38
Family
- Group of related genera is known as a Family - families are characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plants. Eg. Felidae, Canidae, Solanaceae, Anacardiaceae
39
List all the taxonomic categories
Kingdom Phylum/Divison Class Order Family Genus Species
40
Taxon
Each category of classification is known as a Taxon
41
Order
- Aggregation of families that exhibit few similar characters Eg. Polynomiales, Carnivora, Sapindales
42
Class
- Aggregation of related orders Eg. Dicotyledonae Mammalia Reptilia Aves
43
Phylum/Divison
- Classes with a few similar characters Eg. Angiospermae Chordata
44
Kingdom
The biggest unit of classification is known as Kingdom Eg. Plantae Animalia
45
Human beings classification
Name: Homo sapiens Genus: Homo Family: Hominidae Order: Primata Class : Mammalia Phylum : Chordata
46
Housefly
Name: Musca domestica Genus: Musca Family: Muscidae Order: Diptera Class: Insecta Phylum: Arthropoda
47
Mango
Name: Mangifera indica Genus: Mangifera Family: Anacardiaceae Order: Sapindales Class: Dicotyledonae Division: Angiospermae
48
Wheat
Name: Triticum aestivum Genus: Triticum Family: Poaceae Order: Poales Class: Monocotyledonae Division: Angiospermae

BIOLOGY (1 decks)

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