Chapter 1- The Outbreak of the Wars Flashcards
(38 cards)
Who was the Duke of Gloucester and when did he die?
Henry VI’s uncle and heir presumptive. He died in 1447.
What happened after Gloucester’s death?
Richard, Duke of York became heir presumptive.
Gloucester’s arrest
He was arrested in 1447 to stop him speaking against Parliament. He died of a stroke.
Who was the Duke of Somerset?
Edmund Beaufort became Duke of Somerset in 1448.
Which families feuded?
The Courtenays and the Bonvilles
The Pastons and the Moleyns
When did Suffolk become Chamberlain?
1447
Who opposed Suffolk’s foreign policy?
The Bishops of Chichester and Salisbury, they were murdered for it in 1450.
French victories
Rouen (1449), Battle of Formigny (1450)
What happened to Maine?
Suffolk handed it over as part of the marriage agreement between Margaret of Anjou and Henry in 1445.
Who did Suffolk protect?
Suffolk protected William Tailboys from prosecution for murder in 1449.
What was Suffolk charged with?
Suffolk was charged with treason in 1449. However Henry VI intervened and exiled him for 5 years.
How was Suffolk killed?
He was intercepted at Dover and brutally killed in April 1450.
What endowments did Henry grant?
Eton school and King’s College in 1440 and 1443.
When did Henry pass two Acts of Resumption?
1450 and 1451 to reclaim lands he had gifted.
Who did Henry favour?
Adam Moleyns, William Ayscough and Suffolk.
What happened to custom revenues?
Fell from £40,677 in 1421 to £28,100 in 1446-8.
What happened to the taxes from 1445-49?
Parliament granted taxes whilst the Truce of Tours was happening, Lumley the Treasurer used the money to pay off crown debts.
What did Suffolk and Somerset do in 1449?
They restarted the Hundred Years’ War by attacking Fougeres in Brittany. The French attack Normandy in response.
What state was the Crown in by 1450?
The crown was bankrupt with increasing debts and soldiers going unpaid.
Why did York dislike Somerset?
Somerset had replaced him as Lieutenant General in France and been made LG of Ireland (a downgrade). He blamed Somerset for losses in France and was annoyed that Somerset’s loans had been repaid but his hadn’t.
When was York appointed Lieutenant General of France?
1440
Why did York lose at Dieppe?
Somerset led an independent campaign to France in 1442 which failed and deprived York of money and men at Dieppe in 1443.
What happened with the truce with France?
In 1444, the Truce of Tours was agreed. Margaret of Anjou (the French King’s neice) had to marry Henry VI in exchange for Suffolk giving Anjou and Maine to France.
Why did England break the Truce of Tours?
England seized the Breton fortress of Fougeres in March 1449. In response France attacked Normandy, Rouen (October 1449), Formigny (April 1450) and Cherbourg (August 1450).
