Chapter 1 - The relationship between nucleic acids and proteins Flashcards
(35 cards)
Nucleus function
Houses Genetic information, nuclear pores regulate entry and exit of materials
Nucleolus function
where ribosomal sub-units are synthesised and assembled
Ribosomes function
Protein synthesis
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum function
involved in the synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, calcium storage and detoxification of drugs and poison
Rough endoplasmic recticulum
involved with the synthesis of specific proteins from bound ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus function
Modifies, sorts, tags, packages and distributes proteins to be secreted
Lysosomes function
Break down ingested substances, cell macromolecules and damaged organelles for recycling
Vacuoles function
digestion, storage, waste disposal, water balance, cell growth and protection
Peroxisomes function
an enzyme that transfers hydrogen to water, producing hydrogen peroxide
Mitochondria function
the site of cellular respiration where ATP synthesis occurs
Chloroplasts function
Conducts photosynthesis
Plasma and cell membrane function
the structural boundary that controls the entry and exit of materials such as amino acids
Plasma membrane permeability
Partially permeable
Semi/selectively permeable definition
Allows only certain molecules to cross by diffusion
Hydrophobic definition
Substances that tend to be insoluble in water, also termed non-polar
Hydrophilic definition
Substances that dissolves easily in water, also termed polar
Simple diffusion definition
The movement of substances from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration, movement down the concentration gradient
Osmosis definition
passive transport of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane down the concentration gradient
Facilitated diffusion definition
Form of diffusion involving a specific carrier molecule for the substance
Active transport definition
movement of substances across a cell membrane by an energy-requiring process against the concentration gradient
Endocytosis definition
energy-requiring process of bulk transport where substances move into the cell by engulfment
Exocytosis definition
energy-requiring process of bulk transport in which substances move out of the cell through vesicles
Integral proteins definition
Proteins that are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer
Trans-membrane proteins definition
Proteins embedded within and the span of the plasma membrane, exposed on both the intracellular and extracellular environment
