Chapter 1: The Science of Change Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is chemistry?
the study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
What is matter?
anything that has mass and occupies space
What is macroscopic?
large enough to be seen with naked eye
What is submicroscopic?
too small to be seen with a microscope
What is the Scientific Method?
a systematic approach to experimentation
What is a law?
concise verbal or mathematical statement of a reliable relationship between phenomena
What is a hypothesis?
a tentative explanation for a set of observation
What is a theory?
a theory is a unifying principle that explains a body of experimental observations and the laws that are based on them
What are the base SI units?
1) Length (meters - m)
2) Mass (kilogram - kg)
3) Time (second - s)
4) Electric Current (ampere - A)
5) Temperature - (kelvin - K)
6) Amt. of Substance (mole - mol)
What are the SI Unit Prefixes and what do they mean?
1) Tera (1x10^12)
2) Giga (1x10^9)
3) Mega (1x10^6)
4) Kilo (1x10^3)
5) Deci (1x10^-1)
6) Centi (1x10^-2)
7) Milli (1x10^-3)
8) Micro (1x10^-6)
9) Nano (1x10^-9)
10) Pico (1x10^-12)
11) Fento (1x10-15)
What is weight?
force exerted by an object or sample due to gravity
What is mass?
measure of the amount of matter in an object or sample
What is an atomic mass unit?
amu
How many degrees Celsius is equal to a kelvin?
1
What is the equation for converting degrees Celsius to Kelvins?
K = (degrees Celsius) + 273.15
What is density?
ration of mass to volume
What are significant figures?
meaningful digits in a measured or calculated value
What are the four rules of sig. figs.?
1) any digit that is not zero is significant
2) zeros located between nonzero numbers are significant
3) zeros to the left of the first nonzero numbers are not significant
4) zeros to the right of the last nonzero number are significant if the number contains a decimal
What are the sig fig rules when it comes to addition and subtraction?
the rounded answer can’t have more numbers to the right of the decimal point than the original numbers
What are the sig fig rules when it comes to multiplication or division?
the number of sig figs in the product or question is determined by the original number with the smallest amount of sig figs
What is accuracy?
the closeness of a measurement to the true or accepted value
What is precision?
the closeness of agreement of two or more measurements of the same quantity
What is a conversion factor?
a fraction in which the same quantity is expressed one way in the numerator and another in the denominator
What is dimensional analysis?
the use of conversion factors in problem solving
