Chapter 1 The science of microbiology

Question 1

Is derived from the Greek word “mikros”, “bios”

Answer 1

Microbiology

Question 2

two categorizations of microbres

Answer 2

Cellular and acellular

Question 3

Microbiology fields of study

Answer 3

Mycology (fungi), bacteriology (bacteria), Virology (virus), Parasitology (parasites), phycology (algae), immunology (Immune system)

Question 4

first to discover the cell, also cell theory

Answer 4

Robert Hooke

Question 4

About a thousand or more organisms inhabit the human body these are called?

Answer 4

Normal flora or indigenous flora

Question 5

Created the single lens microscope

Answer 5

Anton van leeuwenhoek

Question 6

germ theory of disease, and postulated pasteurizations

Answer 6

Louis Pasteur

Question 7

proved microorganisms causes certain diseases, Kochs postulate

Answer 7

Robert Koch

Question 8

Discovered the vaccine for smallpox

Answer 8

Edward Jenner

Question 9

applied theory to medical procedures

Answer 9

Joseph Lister

Question 10

discovered Salvarsan a treatment for syphilis

Answer 10

Paul Ehrlrich

Question 11

discovered the anitbiotic peniccilin from mold

Answer 11

Alexander Fleming

Question 12

are miniscule organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye

Answer 12

Microorganisms

Question 13

optical instrument that can magnify organisms a hundredfold or even a thousandfold

Answer 13

MIcroscope

Question 14

top most part of the microscope

Answer 14

Ocular lens or eyepiece

Question 15

Located above the stage

Answer 15

revolving nosepiece

Question 16

used to change focus on one eypiece

Answer 16

Diopter adjustment

Question 17

Connects the eyepiece to the objective lens

Answer 17

Body tube or head

Question 18

Brings specimen into general focus

Answer 18

Coarse adjusment

Question 19

Fine tunes the focus

Answer 19

Fine adjusment

Question 20

this is held in place above the stage by the revolving nose piece and are the lenses that are closest to the specimen

Answer 20

Objective lenses

Question 21

Flat platform on which the specimen is held

Answer 21

Stage

Question 22

Metal clips in the stage

Answer 22

Stage clips

Question 23

found beneath the stage

Answer 23

Stage contrll

Question 24

At the base of the microscope

Answer 24

On and Off switch

Question 25

A hole in the middle of the stage

Answer 25

Aperture

Question 26

Light source of the microscope

Answer 26

Illuminator

Question 27

is used to adjust the amount of light coming into the condenser

Answer 27

Iris diaphragm

Question 28

Gathers and focuses light onto the specimen

Answer 28

Condenser

Question 29

It supports the microscope

Answer 29

Base

Question 30

A type of microscope that contains more than one magnifying lens

Answer 30

Compound microscope

Question 31

basic dyes in staining

Answer 31

safranin, methylene blue, crystal violet

Question 32

All cocci are gram positive except?

Answer 32

Neisseria velonella annd Branhamella

Question 33

Gram negative baccili except for?

Answer 33

Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Bacillus, Mycobacterium

Question 34

Stain used for bacteria with high lipid content in their cell wall

Answer 34

Acid-fast-stain

Question 35

Also known as hot method

Answer 35

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

Question 36

The cold method

Answer 36

Kinyoun Stain

Question 37

Are used to grow microorganisms

Answer 37

Media

Question 38

The primary levels of media

Answer 38

Physical, chemical, and functional

Question 39

Water based solutions

Answer 39

Liquid media

Question 40

Clot like consistency at ordinary room temp and contain agar

Answer 40

Semi-Solid media

Question 41

Contain a solidifying agent

Answer 41

Solid media

Question 42

Contain chemically defined substances which are pure organic or inorganic.

Answer 42

Synthetic media

Question 43

Complex media that contain at least one ingredient that is not chemically defined

Answer 43

Non-Synthetic media

Question 44

Are designed primarily isolation of a braoad spectrum of microbes and contain a mixture of nutrients that support growth of both patho and non pathogenic organisms

Answer 44

General purpose media

Question 45

Contain complex organic substances such as blood or serum

Answer 45

Enrichment media

Question 46

Blood added to a base

Answer 46

blood agar

Question 47

Shows complete lysis of RBC

Answer 47

Beta Hemolysis

Question 48

Shows INC lysis of RBC

Answer 48

Alpha hemolysis

Question 49

Shows no hemolysis

Answer 49

Gamma Hemolysis

Question 50

a type of nutrient medium that is used for the culture of fastidious organisms such as heamophilus sp

Answer 50

Chocolate agar

Question 51

Contain one or more substances that encourage the growth of only a specific target micoorganism and inhibit the growth of others

Answer 51

Selective media

Question 52

allow the growth of several micoorganisms

Answer 52

Differential media

Question 53

used for clinical specimens that need to be transported to laboratory immidiately

Answer 53

Transport media

Question 54

Media that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen

Answer 54

Anearobic media