Chapter 1: The Science Of Psychology Flashcards
(25 cards)
Early perspective in psych associated with Wilhelm wundt and Edward titchener where the focus of study is the structure and basic elements of the mind
Structuralism
Believed that every experience could be broken down into its individual emotions and sensations
Edward titchener
Associated with William James in which the focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play. How the mind allows us to function. Also heavily influenced by Darwin
Functionalism
Believed that psychological events such as perceiving and sensing couldn’t be broken down into smaller parts and still be understood
Max wertheimer
Focuses on perception and sensation as a whole rather than small parts. Associated with max wertheimer
Gestalt psychology
The process of examining and measuring ones own thoughts and mental processes
Objective introspection
The theory and therapy based on the work of sigmund Freud
Psychoanalysis
The science and behavior that focuses on observable behavior only. Associated with John Watson
Behaviorism
Focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of other motivations behind a persons behavior.
Psychodynamic perspective
The belief that people have free will and freedom to choose their own destiny and they strive for self-actualization. Associated with Carl Rodgers
Humanist perspective
Modern perspective that focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning.
Cognitive perspective
Perspective that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture
Sociocultural perspective
Perspective that attributes human and animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body such as genetic influences and hormones
Biological perspective
Perspective that focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share
Evolutionary perspective
Tendency of people to behave differently from normal when they know they are being observed
Observer effect
Tendency of observers to see what they want to see
Observer bias
Randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects
Representative sample
A measure of the relationship between two variables
Correlation
A number derived from the formula for measuring a correlation and indicating the strength and direction of a correlation. The closer to +1.00 or -1.00 the stronger.
Correlation coefficient
Definition of a variable of interest that allows it to be directly measured. Specific detailed
Operational definition
Variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter
Independent variable
Variable in an experiment that represents the measurable response or behavior of the subjects in the experiment
Dependent variable
Subjects in an experiment who are subjected to the independent variable ex) the group that receives the drug
Experimental group
Subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the IV and who may receive a placebo treatment
Control group
