Chapter 1- The Scientific Study of Life

Question 1

Scientific method

Answer 1

(Cyclical) Make observations –> Ask a question–>(Consult prior knowledge)–> Formulate a hypothesis–> Make predictions–> Design experiment–> Collect and interpret data–>(Consult prior knowledge)–> Draw conclusions–> (Peer review)–>(Publish)–>

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

A tentative explanation for one or more observations (narrower in scope than a theory, must be specific to a question, based on prior knowledge, must be testable and falsifiable). Can lead to predictions (“if-then” statements).

Question 3

Peer review

Answer 3

Evaluate the validity of methods, data, and conclusions by knowledgeable anonymous peers

Question 4

Experiments

Answer 4

an investigation carried out in
controlled conditions

Includes:
-Sample size: number of individuals assigned in treatment

-Variables:
Independent variable: variable that you can manipulate to see if it influences the dependent
Dependent variable: variable measured to see if it is affected by independent
Standardized variable: variable that in intentionally held constant for all subjects in an experiment

-Control: the untreated group for comparison; left untreated or given a placebo

Question 5

Statistical Analysis

Answer 5

unlikely to be attributable to chance

Question 6

Theory

Answer 6

An explanation for a natural phenomenon (broader scope than a hypothesis). Theories generally hold broader scope than hypothesis, aids in the generation of new hypotheses, and can withstand rigirous scientific testing.

Question 7

Technology

Answer 7

the practical application of scientific knowledge

Question 8

Fact

Answer 8

a repeatable observation that everyone can agree upon