Chapter 1 The World before the Opening of the Atlantic

Question 1

land bridge that once connected what is now Alaska with Siberia

Answer 1

Bering Land Bridge

Question 2

the first Americans who crossed from Asia into North America sometime between 38000 and 10000 BC

Answer 2

Paleo-Indians

Question 3

the movement of people from one region to another

Answer 3

migration

Question 4

a person who hunts animals and gathers wild plants to provide for his or her needs

Answer 4

hunter-gatherer

Question 5

the climate and landscape that surrounds living things

Answer 5

environment

Question 6

the common values and traditions of a society, such as language, government, and family relationships

Answer 6

culture

Question 7

aboveground houses made of heavy clay called adobe that were built by Native Americans of the southwestern US

Answer 7

pueblos

Question 8

underground ceremonial chambers at the center of Anasazi communities

Answer 8

kivas

Question 9

images of ancestors or animal spirits; often carved onto tall, wooden poles by Native America peoples of the Pacific Northwest

Answer 9

totem

Question 10

cone-shaped shelters made of buffalo skins used by Native Americans in the Plains region

Answer 10

teepees

Question 11

related to ancestry traced through the maternal or mother’s line

Answer 11

matrilineal

Question 12

a political confederation of five northeastern Native American nations of the Seneca, Oneida, Mohawk, Cayuga, and Onondaga that made decisions concerning war and peace

Answer 12

Iroquois League

Question 13

a group of people from northern Africa

Answer 13

Berbers

Question 14

Emperor of Mali, grandson or grandnephew of Sundiata, made pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324

Answer 14

Mansa Musa

Question 15

a pilgrimage to Mecca made by devout Muslims

Answer 15

hajj

Question 16

buildings used for Muslim prayer

Answer 16

mosques

Question 17

Songhai ruler, he overthrew Sunni Baru. Originally named Muhammad Ture

Answer 17

Askia the Great

Question 18

Greek philosopher and teacher who wanted to make people question their own beliefs and think for themselves

Answer 18

Socrates

Question 19

Greek philosopher, student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle. Wrote the Republic

Answer 19

Plato

Question 20

Greek philosopher, he thought that people should live in moderation and use reason

Answer 20

Aristotle

Question 21

clear and ordered thinking

Answer 21

reason

Question 22

a government in which people rule themselves

Answer 22

democracy

Question 23

warriors who fought on horseback in return for land from nobles

Answer 23

knights

Question 24

a series of plagues that killed about 25 million people in Europe starting in 1347

Answer 24

Black Death

Question 25

Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet

Answer 25

Michelangelo

Question 26

Italian painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, scientist, and inventor

Answer 26

Leonardo da Vinci

Question 27

German inventor credited with the invention of the movable-type printing press

Answer 27

Johannes Gutenberg

Question 28

a business formed by a group of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses

Answer 28

joint-stock company