Chapter 1 - Themes in the Study of Life

Question 1

Animalia

Answer 1

The kingdom that consists of multicellular eukaryotic cells who rely on other producers/consumers for chemical energy.

Question 2

Archaea

Answer 2

One of two prokaryotic domains, the other Bacteria.

Question 3

Bacteria

Answer 3

One of two prokaryotic domains, the other Archaea.

Question 4

Biology

Answer 4

The scientific study of life.

Question 5

Cell

Answer 5

Lifes fundamental unit of structure and function.

Question 6

consumer

Answer 6

An organism that is dependent on other organisms to gain nutrients.

Question 7

Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA)

Answer 7

A double stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cells proteins.

Question 8

Emergent Properties

Answer 8

New properties that emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of life.

Question 9

Eukarya

Answer 9

The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms.

Question 10

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 10

A type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles.

Present in protists, plants, fungi and animals.

Question 11

Fungi

Answer 11

The kingdom that includes organisms that absorb nutrients after decomposing organic material.

Question 12

Organelle

Answer 12

One of several subcellular structures with specialized functions.

Suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

Question 13

Plantae

Answer 13

The kingdom that consists of multicellular eukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis.

Question 14

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 14

A type of cell lacking a membrane and enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles.

Found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.

Question 15

Producer

Answer 15

An organism that is capable of turning light energy into chemical energy.

Question 16

Reductionism

Answer 16

Reducing complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study.

Question 17

Properties of Living Organisms

Answer 17

• Reproduce
• movement
• growth and development
• response to stimulus
• active metabolism/ability to process energy from one form to another
• complexity(cell based structure)
• adaptable to environment(evolution)
• contains genetic information which can be passed on

Question 18

Levels of Organization(structure)

Answer 18

Atoms->molecules->organelles->cells->organs->organ systems->organisms

Question 19

Emergent Properties

Answer 19

At each increasing level of organization, new properties that were not apparent at the lower level become apparent(H2O is much different than hydrogen or oxygen alone).

Question 20

Reductionism

Answer 20

Breaking down larger systems into their component parts to understand how the larger system works.

Question 21

Energy Conversion

Answer 21

Producers convert sunlight into chemical energy which consumers then absorb by eating the producer.

Question 22

Structure and Function

Answer 22

closely related.

Structure determines a particular function.

Question 23

Cell Theory

Answer 23

All living things consist of cells. All cells have DNA as genetic material and a protective cell membrane.

Question 24

2 Major types of cells

Answer 24

Prokaryotic - simple, small structure, lack a membrane bound nucleus.

Eukaryotic - larger, true membrane bound nucleus, contain many specialized organelles.

Question 25

Major Classification of Organisms

Answer 25

Domain Bacteria(prokaryotes)

Domain Archaea(prokaryotes)

Domain Eukarya(eukaryotes)

• Kingdoms Protista
• Kingdom Animalia
• Kingdom Plantae
• Kingdom Fungi

Question 26

Evolution

Answer 26

A major theory of biology which helps explain how all organisms share certain qualities(unite) yet can also be very different(diversity).

Question 27

DNA

Answer 27

The molecule of heredity of living organisms and responsible for passing on genetic traits from parents to offspring.

Question 28

2 Major Processes of an Ecosystem

Answer 28

1 - Cycling of Nutrients - the use of minerals by plants that eventually return to the soil by decomposition.

2 - Flow of Energy - sunlight->producer->convert light to chemical energy -> consumers ingest the chemical energy to function.

Question 29

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

Answer 29

Prokaryotic - simpler/smaller/lack of a membrane bound nucleus or organelles.

Eukaryotic - complex/larger/membrane bound nucleus and organelles.

Question 30

Basic function of DNA

Answer 30

Store/pass on the cells heritable information from cell to cell when undergoing cell division.

Passed by the gametes(sperm and egg) from parent to offspring.