Chapter 1 Unit 1

Question 1

A test

Answer 1

A measurement device or technique used to quantify behavior or aid in the understanding and prediction of behavior

Question 2

An item

Answer 2

A specific stimulus to which a person responds overtly; this response can be scored or evaluated
(For example, classified, graded on a scale, or counted)

Question 3

A psychological test

Answer 3

Also called an educational test; a set of items that are designed to measure characteristics of human beings that pertain to behavior

Question 4

Representative sample

Answer 4

One that comprises individuals similar to those for whom the test is to be used

Question 5

Traits

Answer 5

Relatively enduring dispositions (e.g. tendencies to act, think, or feel in a certain manner in any given circumstance) that distinguish one individual from another

Question 6

Factor analysis

Answer 6

A method of finding the minimum number of dimensions (characteristics, attributes), called factors, to account for a large number of variables

Question 7

Achievement

Answer 7

Refers to previous learning

Question 8

Aptitude

Answer 8

Refers to the potential for learning or acquiring a specific skill

Question 9

Age differentiation

Answer 9

Refers to the simple fact that one can differentiate older children from younger children by the former’s greater capabilities

Question 10

Self-report questionnaires

Answer 10

Used by psychologists to measure emotional functioning; provided a list of statements and required subjects to respond in some way to indicate whether the statements applied to them

Question 11

Sir Francis Galton

Answer 11

A relative of Darwin’s who applied Darwin’s theories to the study of human beings, showing that individual differences exist in human sensory and motor functioning

Question 12

James McKeen Cattell

Answer 12

A US psychologist who followed Galton’s work and studied individual differences in reaction time in humans; his work led to the development of modern psychological tests

Question 13

David Wechsler

Answer 13

The creator of the Wechsler intelligence scales in the late 1930s; this test resulted in several scores beyond IQ, including performance IQ, that allowed for an analysis of an individual’s combination of abilities

Question 14

Alfred Binet

Answer 14

A French psychologist; along with French physician Theodore Simon, created the first major general intelligence test, the Binet-Simon scale, in the early 1900s

Question 15

Osipow’s Vocational Dimensions test

Answer 15

Used to measure personality, abilities, interests, and personal values to learn about a person’s traits, then compare these with common traits that characterize various occupational groups; also called Occupational Dimensions test