Chapter 1 - Vocab Flashcards
(27 cards)
Paleolithic Era
The long period during which human societies sustained themselves through gathering, hunting, and fishing without the practice of agriculture.
Agricultural Revolution
The most transformative process which led to both farming and pastoral societies.
Pastoral Society
Based on an alternative kind of food producing economy focused on the raising of livestock.
Patriarchy
A social system in which women have been made subordinate to men in the family and in society.
Hinduism
A religion based on the many beliefs, practices, sects, rituals, and philosophies in India.
Upanishads
Indian mystical and philosophical works written between 800-400 B.C.E.
Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)
The Indian prince whose exposure to human suffering led him to develop a path to enlightment that became the basis for the emerging religious tradition.
Theravada Buddhism
The early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine ; emphasizes practices rather than beliefs.
Mahayana Buddhism
Popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the common era, which gives a much greater role to super natural beings and to compassion and proved to be more popular than original Buddhism.
bhakti movement
The intense adoration of and identification with a particularly deity through songs, prayers, and rituals.
Confucianism
The chinese philosophy first enunciated by confucius, advocating the moral example of superiors as the last key element of social order.
Han Dynasty
The Chinese dynasty that emerged after the Qin dynasty collapsed, establishing political and cultural patterns that lasted into the twentieth century.
Daoism
A chinese philosophy or popular religion that advocates a simple and unpretentious way of living and alignment with the natural world, founded by the legendary figure Laozi.
Judaism
The monotheistic religion developed in the middle east by the hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (yahweh).
Jesus of Nazareth
Jewish mystic whose life teachings, death, and alleged resurrection gave rise to the new religion of christianity.
Saint Paul
An early convert whose missionary journeys in the eastern Roman Empire led to the founding of small christian communities that included jews and non-jews.
Perpetua
Christian martyr from an upper-class Roman family in carthage. Her refusal to renounce her faith made her an inspiration for other early christians.
Muhammad
The prophet and founder of Islam whose religious revelations became the Quran, bringing a radically monotheistic religion to Arabia and to the world.
Quran
The most holy text of Islam, which records the words of god through revelations given to the prophet Muhammad.
Umma
The community of all believers in Islam, bound by common belief rather than territory, language or tribe.
Ulama
Islamic religious scholars that transmit teachings of Islamic civilization.
Sharia
Islamic law, dealing with political, economic, social, and religious life.
Madrassas
Formal colleges for higher instruction in the teachings of Islam as well as in secular subjects like law.
Sufism
A mystical Islamic path focusing on spiritual purification, inner devotion, and personal connection with Allah, through practices like meditation, chanting, and renunication of wordly distractions.
