Chapter 1 Vocab

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Science that studies the form and composition of the body’s structure.

Question 2

Gross anatomy

Answer 2

Study of the larger structures of the body, also known as macroscopic anatomy

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

Steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain

Question 4

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 4

Study of very small structures of the body using magnification

Question 5

Physiology

Answer 5

Science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, & physics of the body’s functions.

Question 6

Regional anatomy

Answer 6

Study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions.

Question 7

Systemic anatomy

Answer 7

Study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems

Question 8

Cell

Answer 8

Smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals , a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles

Question 9

Organ

Answer 9

Functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues

Question 10

Organ system

Answer 10

Group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function

Question 11

Organism

Answer 11

Living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

Question 12

Tissue

Answer 12

Group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function

Question 13

Control centre

Answer 13

Comprares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector

Question 14

Effector

Answer 14

Organ that can cause a change in value

Question 15

Negative feedback

Answer 15

Homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body’s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed.

Question 16

Normal range

Answer 16

Range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the controle centre

Question 17

Positive feedback

Answer 17

Mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus

Question 18

Sensor

Answer 18

(Also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the controle centre

Question 19

Set point

Answer 19

Ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful

Question 20

Abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 20

Division of the anterior cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera

Question 21

Anatomical position

Answer 21

Standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body

Question 22

Anterior

Answer 22

Describes the front of direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as ventral

Question 23

Anterior cavity

Answer 23

Larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity ; also referred to as ventral cavity

Question 24

Caudal

Answer 24

Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper

Question 25

Cranial

Answer 25

Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper ; also referred as superior

Question 26

Cranial cavity

Answer 26

Division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain

Question 27

Deep

Answer 27

Farther from the surface of the body

Question 28

Distal

Answer 28

Farther from the point of attachment or trunk of the body

Question 29

Dorsal

Answer 29

Back or direction toward the back of the body; (posterior)

Question 30

Dorsal cavity

Answer 30

Posterior cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; referred to posterior body cavity

Question 31

Frontal plane

Answer 31

Two dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions

Question 32

Inferior

Answer 32

Describes a position below or lower than ; towards the tail.

Question 33

Lateral

Answer 33

The side or direction toward the side of the body

Question 34

Medial

Answer 34

The middle or direction toward the middle of the body

Question 35

Pericardium

Answer 35

Sac that encloses the heart

Question 36

Peritoneum

Answer 36

Serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there

Question 37

Plane

Answer 37

Imaginary two dimensional surface that passes through the body

Question 38

Pleura

Answer 38

Serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs

Question 39

Posterior

Answer 39

Back or direction towards the back of the body

Question 40

Posterior cavity

Answer 40

Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; dorsal cavity

Question 41

Prone

Answer 41

Face down

Question 42

Proximal

Answer 42

Position nearer to the point of attachment or trunk of the body

Question 43

Sagital plane

Answer 43

Two dimensional, Vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides

Question 44

Section

Answer 44

In anatomy, a single flat surface of a three dimensional structure that has been cut though

Question 45

Serous membrane

Answer 45

Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; referred to as serosa

Question 46

Serosa

Answer 46

Membrane that covers organ and reduces friction; serous membrane

Question 47

Spinal cavity

Answer 47

Division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord; vertebral cavity

Question 48

Superficial

Answer 48

Position nearer to the surface of the body

Question 49

Superior

Answer 49

Above or higher than another part of the body ; cranial

Question 50

Supine

Answer 50

Face up

Question 51

Thoracic cavity

Answer 51

Anterior ventral cavity that houses the heart, lungs, trachea, oesophagus

Question 52

Transverse plane

Answer 52

Two dimensional, horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions

Question 53

Ventral

Answer 53

The front of direction towards the front of the body; also known as anterior

Question 54

Ventral cavity

Answer 54

Larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior body cavity ; includes serous membrane lined pleural cavities for the lungs , heart, abdominal and pelvic