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Z A&P Chapters 1-3 Study Guide > Chapter 1 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Vocabulary Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Anatomy?

A

A biological science representing the study of body structures

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2
Q

Physiology?

A

A biological science representing the study of body function

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3
Q

Gross anatomy?

A

Also known as macroscopic anatomy. Examines large, visible structures

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4
Q

Surface anatomy?

A

Exterior features

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5
Q

Regional anatomy?

A

Body areas

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6
Q

Systemic anatomy?

A

Organ systems

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7
Q

Developmental anatomy?

A

From conception to death

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8
Q

Microscopic anatomy?

A

Examines cells and molecules

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9
Q

Cytology?

A

The study of cells and their structures

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10
Q

Histology?

A

The study of tissues and their structures

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11
Q

Cell physiology?

A

The processes within and between cells

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12
Q

Organ physiology?

A

The functions of specific organs

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13
Q

Systemic physiology?

A

Functions of an organ system

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14
Q

Pathophysiology?

A

Effects of diseases

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15
Q

Ingestion?

A

The taking in of food

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16
Q

Digestion?

A

The breaking of food into nutrients

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17
Q

Absorption?

A

The moving of nutrients into the blood stream

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18
Q

Metabolism?

A

The use of nutrients to extract energy or build cells/tissues

(The sum processes if all chemical reactions in the body)

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19
Q

Secretion?

A

The production and release of a substance for a specific effect

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20
Q

Excretion?

A

The removal of waste from the cell/tissues/body

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21
Q

Organ system?

A

A group of organs working together

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22
Q

Organism?

A

Interacting organ systems such as a person

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23
Q

Organ?

A

Multiple tissue types performing a major function in the body

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24
Q

Tissue?

A

Cells of similar type grouped together to perform a specific function in the body

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25
Cell?
A fundamental subunit of living organisms
26
4 Structures of integumentary system?
-Skin -Sweat glands -Hair -Nails
27
3 function of integumentary system?
-Protect against environmental hazards -Regulate body temperature -Provide sensory information
28
4 structures of skeletal system?
-Bone -Bone marrow -Ligaments -Cartilage
29
4 function of skeletal system?
-Provide support -Provide protection -Stores Ca2+ ions and other minerals -Forms blood cells
30
4 structures of muscular system?
-Skeletal muscle -Cardiac muscle -Smooth muscle -Tendons
31
4 functions of muscular system?
-Provide movement -Provide protection -Provide support -Generates heat that maintains body temperature
32
4 structures of nervous system?
-Brain -Spinal cord -Peripheral nerves -Sensory organs
33
3 functions of the nervous system?
-Directs immediate response to stimuli -Coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems -Provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions
34
5+ Structures of the endocrine system?
-Pituitary -Hypothalamus -Thyroid -Adrenal -Pancreas -Other hormone secreting glands
35
3 functions of the endocrine system?
-Directs long-term changes in the activities of other organs -Adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by the body -Controls many structural and functional changes during development
36
3 structures of the circulatory system?
-Heart -Blood vessels -Blood
37
2 functions of the circulatory system?
-Distribute blood cells, water, and dissolved materials including nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide -Distribute heat and assists in control of body temperature
38
6 structures of the immune system?
-Lymph nodes -Lymph ducts -Lymphatic vessels -Spleen -Tonsils -Thymus
39
2 functions of immune system?
-Defends against infection/disease -Return tissue fluids to the bloodstream
40
7 structures of the respiratory system?
-Nasal cavities -Sinueses -Larynx -Trachea -Bronchi -Lungs -Alveoli
41
4 functions of respiratory system?
-Delivers air to alveoli -Provides O2 to the bloodstream -Removes CO2 from the bloodstream -Produces sounds for communication
42
10 structures of the digestive system?
-Teeth -Tounge -Pharynx -Esophagus -Stomach -Small intestine -Large intestine -Liver -Gall bladder -Spleen
43
4 function of the digestive system?
-Process and digest food -Absorb and conserve H20 -Absorb Nutrients -Stores energy reserves
44
4 structures of the excretory/urinary system?
-Kidneys -Ureters -Uirnary bladder -Urethra
45
4 functions of the excretory/urinary system?
-Excretes waste products from the blood -Controls water balance by regulating the volume of urine produced -Regualrts blood ion concentrations and pH -Stores urine prior to voluntary elimination
46
7 structures of the male reproductive system?
-Testes -Epididyides -Ductus deferentia -Seminal vesicles -Prostate gland -Penis -Scrotum
47
2 function of male reproductive system?
-Produce male sex cells (sperm), semial fluids, and hormones -Sexual intercourse
48
7 structures of female reproductive system?
-Overies -Uterine tubes -Uterus -Vagina -Labia -Clitoris -Mammary glands
49
4 functions of the female reproductive system?
-Produce female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones -Supports developing embryo from conceptoing to delivery -Provides milk to nourish newborn infant -Sexual intercourse
50
Homeostasis?
All body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment
51
Stimulus?
Change in the enviroment
52
Sensor/receptor?
Recieves the stimulus
53
Integrator/control center?
Process signal and sends instructions
54
Effector?
Carries out instructions
55
Compensatory response?
Physiological action that return condition to set point
56
Negative feedback?
A change in a factor triggers a response to oppose the change and restore the factor to normal by moving the factor in the opposite direction of its initial change
57
Positive feedback?
Intensify or add to the change
58
Disease?
The result of failure to maintain balance An abnormal structure that produces signs and symptoms
59
ECF stand for?
Extracelluar fluid
60
What does ECF do?
Plays a role in maintaining homeostasis
61
What comprises ECF?
Plasma (fluid portion of blood) + Intersitiual fluid (fluid that surronds cells)
62
What is the 60-40-20 rule?
-60% of the body is fluid -40% of the liquid is in the intracelllar compartment -20% of the liquid is in the extracellular compartment

Z A&P Chapters 1-3 Study Guide (3 decks)

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