Chapter 1 - Vocabulary from Text

Question 1

_______ is the study of the nature, properties, and transformation of matter.

Answer 1

Chemistry

Question 2

_______ is the physical material that makes up the universe; anything that has mass and occupies space.

Answer 2

Matter

Question 3

_________ is the systematic process of observation, hypothesis, and experimentation used to expand and refine a body of knowledge.

Answer 3

Property

Question 4

____________ is a change that does not affect the chemical makeup of substance or object.

Answer 4

Physical Change

Question 5

____________ is a change in the chemical makeup of a substance.

Answer 5

Chemical Change

Question 6

Sugar dissolving in water is a __________.

Answer 6

Physical Change

Question 7

Sugar heated in a saucepan to make caramel is a ____________.

Answer 7

Chemical Change

Question 8

A _______ is a substance that has a definite shape and volume.

Answer 8

Solid

Question 9

A _______ is a substance that has a definite volume but assumes the shape of its container.

Answer 9

Liquid

Question 10

A _______ is a substance that has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.

Answer 10

Gas

Question 11

The ___________ is the physical state of a substance as a solid, liquid, r gas.

Answer 11

State of Matter

Question 12

The ___________ is the conversion of a substance from one state to another. For example, a liquid to a gas.

Answer 12

Change of State

Question 13

A ___________ is a substance that has a uniform chemical composition throughout.

Answer 13

Pure Substance

Question 14

A _________ is a blend of two or more substances, each of which retains its chemical identity.

Answer 14

Mixture

Question 15

A __________________ is a uniform mixture that has the same composition throughout.

Answer 15

Homogeneous Mixture

Question 16

A __________________ is a nonuniform mixture that has regions of different composition.

Answer 16

Heterogeneous Mixture

Question 17

A ___________ is a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down chemically into any simpler substance.

Answer 17

Element

Question 18

A _________________ is a pure substance that can be borken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions.

Answer 18

Chemical Compound

Question 19

Is vanilla ice cream a mixture or a pure substance?

Answer 19

Homogeneous Mixture

Question 20

Is sugar a mixture or a pure substance?

Answer 20

Pure Substance

Question 21

Is concrete a mixture or a pure substance?

Answer 21

Heterogeneous Mixture

Question 22

Is a lead weight a mixture or a pure substance?

Answer 22

Pure Substance

Question 23

Is the following a mixture or a pure substance, Helium inside of a balloon?

Answer 23

Pure Substance

Question 24

Is wood a mixture or a pure substance?

Answer 24

Heterogeneous Mixture

Question 25

A _________________ is a notation for a chemical compound using element symbols and subscripts to show how many atoms of each element are present.

Answer 25

Chemical Formula

Question 26

A ____________ is a process in which the identity and composition of one or more substances are changed.

Answer 26

Chemical Reaction

Question 27

A ____________ is a starting substance that undergoes change during a chemical reaction.

Answer 27

Reactant

Question 28

A ___________ is a substance formed as the result of chemical reaction.

Answer 28

Product

Question 29

A ________________ is a physical property that can be measured.

Answer 29

Physical Quantity

Question 30

A ______ is a defined quantity used as a standard of measurement.

Answer 30

Unit

Question 31

______ are units of measurement defined by the International System of Units.

Answer 31

SI Units

Question 32

A number expressed as the product of a number between 1 and 10, times the number 10 raised to a ppwer is known as ______________________.

Answer 32

Scientific Notation

Question 33

_______ is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.

Answer 33

Mass

Question 34

_______ is a measure of the gravitational force that the earth or other large body exerts on an object.

Answer 34

Weight

Question 35

__________ are the number of meaningful digits used to express a value.

Answer 35

Significant Figures

Question 36

Name the rule for counting significant figures: Zeros that are in between 2 non zero numbers.

Answer 36

Trapped Zeros

Question 37

Name the rule for counting significant figures: Zeros that are before any non zero number.

Answer 37

Leading Zeros

Question 38

Name the rule for counting significant figures: Zeros with a decimal

Answer 38

Trailing Zero

Question 39

Name the rule for counting significant figures: Zeros without a decimal.

Answer 39

Trailing Zero

Question 40

What is the counting rule for Trapped Zeros?

Answer 40

Trapped zeros are ALWAYS significant. Ex. 103 has 3 SF

Question 41

What is the counting rule for Leading Zeros?

Answer 41

Leading zeros are NEVER significant. Ex. 0.00346 has 3 SF

Question 42

What is the first counting rule for Trailing Zeros?

Answer 42

Trailing Zeros with a decimal count as Significant Figures. Ex. 236.0 has 4 SF

Question 43

What is the second counting rule for Trailing Zeros?

Answer 43

Trailing Zeros without a decimal NEVER count as a significant figure unless indicated with a decimal or line above the number. Ex. 2130 has 3 SF

Question 44

What is the rule for adding/subtracting significant figures?

Answer 44

The amount of SF in your final answer depends on the place of uncertainty.

Question 45

What is the rule for multiplying/dividing significant figures?

Answer 45

The number with the least SF in your problem affects how many SF you can have in your answer.

Question 46

If you are multiplying/dividing significant figures and you drop a number before a decimal what must you do to your answer?

Answer 46

Add a zero for the dropped number to hold its magnitude.

Question 47

________ is the capacity to do work or supply heat.

Answer 47

Energy

Question 48

____________ is the measure of the amount of heat energy in an object.

Answer 48

Temperature

Question 49

_________ is the physical property that relates the mass of an object to its volume; mass per unit volume.

Answer 49

Density

Question 50

_____________ is the density of a substance divided by the density of water at the same temperature.

Answer 50

Specific Gravity