Chapter 1 - What Is Sociology? Flashcards
(88 cards)
0
Q
What 3 questions does sociology attempt to answer?
A
- nature of identity
- relationship of individual to society
- relationships between individuals
1
Q
The study of human behavior in society
A
sociology
2
Q
“Either/Or”
OR
“Both/And”
A
“Both/And”
3
Q
To be a sociologist one must use both …
A
theory AND perspective.
4
Q
How many types of sociology are there?
A
Infinitely many
5
Q
Is human behavior determined by nature or nurture?
A
BOTH
6
Q
Humans adapt to …
A
social context.
7
Q
Before sociology there was the …
A
“Age of Reason” or “Enlightenment”
8
Q
What is “social contract” and who coined it?
A
Individuality
Locke
9
Q
What is “general will” and who coined it?
A
Rousseau
10
Q
Founder of sociology
A
Auguste Comte
11
Q
Who developed the stages of sociology and what were they?
A
Comte
- religious
- metaphysical
- scientific
12
Q
Who coined “statics” and “dynamics” and what were they?
A
Comte
Statics-study of order, persistence, and organization
Dynamics-study of processes of social change
13
Q
Who thought democracies can enhance OR erode personal liberties?
A
Alexis de Tocqueville
14
Q
Who supported the conflict theory?
A
Karl Marx
15
Q
Who supported structural/ functionalism?
A
Emile Durkheim
16
Q
Who supported symbolic interactions?
A
Max Weber
17
Q
Author of Communist Manifesto
A
Marx
18
Q
Didn’t support capitalism and believed there would be a worker rebellion.
A
Marx
19
Q
Accepted constant societal struggle, mainly coming from class.
A
Marx
20
Q
Workers for the rich
Poor
A
Proletariat
21
Q
Rich class Upper echelon
A
Bourgeois
22
Q
Supported a utopian communist ideal
A
Marx
23
Q
Study suicide heavily
A
Durkheim
24
The ability to see the connection between out individual identities and the social contexts (family, friends, other institutions) in which we find ourselves.
sociological imagination
25
What is integration?
How connected we feel to society
26
Regulation
The amount that our individual freedom is constrained
27
Connected to integration and regulation
Durkheim
28
Coined social "solidarity"
Durkheim
29
Social "solidarity" is what two things?
Mechanical and organic
30
Max Weber believed that sociology should be ...
Interpretive and value free
31
Define interpretive and value free
Interpretive-context
Value free-unbiased
32
Stressed rationality in the modern world
Weber
33
Coined the "iron cage"
Weber
34
First to use statistics
Durkheim
35
Added "status" and "party" to Marx's theory
Weber
36
Define "status".
The relationship to consumption
37
Define "party".
Voluntary groups to make ones voice heard
38
Compared economy to religion
Weber
39
Who chose to study FORMS of social interaction
Georg Simmel
40
List some forms of interaction
Competition, exchange, secrecy, domination
41
Who questioned what makes it easier for persons to discover and express their individuality
Simmel
42
Believed class to be the most significant division among people
Weber
43
First female foreign correspondent
Margaret Fuller
44
Who introduced the concept of self-reliance among women?
Fuller
45
Frederick Douglas was a ...
| Two answers
Slave and later an abolitionist
46
Claimed slavery system was a "learned behavior"
Douglas
47
Against "social Darwinism"
Lester Ward
48
What is social Darwinism?
Each succeeding society more successful than the one before it
49
What is "social telesis"?
The thought that societal evolution is informed by purposeful action
50
What did WOMEN AND ECONOMICS focus on?
Women's subordination and it's function in evolution
51
Who wrote WOMEN AND ECONOMICS , Herald , or "The Yellow Wallpaper"?
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
52
Coined the term "sisterhood"
Fuller
53
Author of THE THEORY OF THE LEISURE CLASS
Thorstein Veblen
54
What did The Theory of the Leisure Class focus on?
The split between the "productive class" and the "pecuniary class"
55
Define "productive class"
Those who work
56
Civil rights activist , social scientist , political militant , essayist , poet
W. E. B DuBois
57
Define "pecuniary class"
Those who have money / owners
58
Who was an advocate for women's issues?
Gilman
59
Founder of the pan-African movement
DuBois
60
Who developed the "I" and "me"?
George Herbert Mead
61
Define "I"
The part of us that is inherent or biological
62
Define "me"
The part of us that is self-conscious and created by observing ourselves in interaction
63
Coined "generalized other"
Mead
64
Define "generalized other"
A persons notion of the common values, norms, and expectations of other people in a society
65
1930 thru 1960 was ...
Development period of the field
66
What two questions came out do the 30's-60's?
- What could sociology contribute to the study of self?
| - What processes ensure social order?
67
Define symbolic interactionism
How an individual's interaction with his or her environment help people develop a sense of self
68
Define dramaturgical model
"Backstage" "front stage" mentality
69
Coined symbolic interactionism
Blumer 1937
70
Define "structural functionalism"
A paradigm that contends that all social life consists of several distinct , integrated levels that enable the world to find stability, order, and meaning
71
Define "paradigm"
An example, patter, or model
72
What are how two sociological functions?
Manifest and latent
73
Define "manifest"
The intended consequences of an action or event
74
Define "latent"
An unintended function
75
Define "conflict theory"
Suggests the dynamics of society are the result of the conflict among different groups
76
Globalization
Micro or macro
Macro
77
Multiculturalism
Micro or macro
Micro
78
Define "globalization"
Interconnecting
79
Multiculturalism means ...
undersranding
80
Define "macro level analysis"
Analysis of large scale patterns or social structures like economies or political systems
81
Define "microlevel analysis"
Analysis of small scale patterns like individual interactions or small groups dynamics
82
Interrelated forces are ...
forces that hold is together and that drive us apart.
83
Define "McDonaldization"
The homogenizing spread of consumerism around the globe
84
Define "modernism"
A belief in progress that challenged tradition, religion, and aristocracies as remnants of the past and saw industry, democracy, and science as the wave of the future
85
Modernism claims
Religion to ...
Mechanical to ...
Feudal to ...
... science
... organic
... capitalist
86
Define "postmodernism"
Emphasizes that a particular reality is a social construction by a particular group, community, or class
87
Founder of the NAACP
DuBois
