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chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease:

A

Brain disorder marked by deterioration of mental capacity

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2
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident:

A

Damage to the blood vessels of the cerebrum, leading to loss of
blood supply to brain tissue; a stroke

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3
Q

Concussion:

A

Blunt injury to the brain severe enough to cause loss of

consciousness

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4
Q

Epilepsy:

A

• Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

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5
Q

Glioblastoma:

A

• Malignant brain tumour arising from glial cells.

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6
Q

Hemiplasia:

•

A

• Paralysis that affects the right or left half of the body

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7
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges (membranes surrounding the

brain and spinal cord)

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8
Q

Multiple Sclerosis:

A

• Destruction of the myelin sheath on the nerve cells in the
central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), with
replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue

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9
Q

Paraplegia:

•

A

Paralysis that affects the lower portion of the body

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10
Q

Syncope:

•

A

Fainting; sudden and temporary loss of consciousness as a

result of inadequate flow of blood to the brain

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11
Q

Lumbar Puncture:

•

A

Pressure of CSF is measured and contrast may be
injected for imaging after removal of CSF from a space
between the lumbar vertebrae. An LP or spinal tap
also provides a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for
analysis

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12
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis:

•

A

Chemical tests (for Na, Cl, protein, and glucose), cell
counts, cultures and bacterial smears on samples of
CSF to detect diseases of the brain or meninges

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13
Q

Cerebral Angiography:

•

A

X-ray imaging of the blood vessels in the brain after the

injection of contrast material into an artery

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14
Q

CT Scan:

•

A

Of the brain and spinal cord with or without contrast

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15
Q

MRI:

•

A

Images of the brain and spinal cord through radiofrequency

waves

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16
Q

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan:

•

A

Radioactive material into the brain shows how the brain uses

glucose and gives information about the brain function

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17
Q

AD:

A

Alzheimer disease

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18
Q

CNS:

A

Central Nervous System

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19
Q

CSF:

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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20
Q

CVA:

A

Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

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21
Q

EEG:

A

Electroencephalography

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22
Q

LP:

A

Lumbar puncture

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23
Q

MS: Multiple Sclerosis

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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24
Q

TIA: Transient Ischemic Attack (temporary

interference with blood supply to the brain)

A

Transient Ischemic Attack (temporary

interference with blood supply to the brain)

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25
Aneurysm: | •
Local widening of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall or breakdown of the wall from atherosclerosis
26
Angina:
• Chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to heart muscle
27
Arrhythmia: | •
Abnormal heartbeat (rhythm)
28
Atherosclerosis: | •
Hardening of arteries with a collection of cholesterol-like | plaque
29
Congestive Heart Failure:
• Inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood. Blood accumulates in the lungs, causing PULMONARY EDEMA
30
Hypertension:
High blood pressure. Essential hypertension is high blood pressure with no apparent cause. In secondary hypertension, another illness (kidney disease or adrenal gland disorder) is the cause of high blood pressure
31
Myocardial Infarction:
• Heart attack. Infarction is an area of dead (necrotic) tissue
32
shock
A group of signs and symptoms indicating poor oxygen supply to tissues and insufficient return of blood to the heart
33
• Cardiac Enzyme Tests:
Measurements of enzymes released into the bloodstream after a heart attack. Troponin is the enzyme (CTNI).
34
Lipid Tests:
Measurements of cholesterol and triglyceride levels | in the blood
35
Lipoprotein Tests:
Measurements of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and | low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
36
Angiography:
Recording blood vessels after the injection of contrast into | the bloodstream.
37
Cardiac Catheterization:
• Introducing a catheter into a vein or artery to measure | pressure and flow patterns of blood
38
Doppler Ultrasound
Measuring blood flow in vessels via sound waves
39
Echocardiography:
• Producing images of the heart via sound waves or echoes
40
Electrocardiography:
Recording electricity flowing through the heart
41
Holter Monitoring:
Detection of abnormal heart rhythms that involves having a patient wear compact version of an electrocardiograph for 24 hours
42
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):
Producing an image, by beaming magnetic waves at the | heart, that gives detailed information
43
MUGA Scan:
Imaging the motion of heart wall muscles and assessing the function of the heart via a multiple-gated acquisition scan, which uses radioactive chemicals
44
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan:
Radioactive chemicals, which release radioactive particles, are injected into the bloodstream and travel to the heart
45
Stress Test:
An ECG plus blood pressure and heart rate measurements | show the heart’s response to physical exertion (treadmill test)
46
Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Scan
A radioactive chemical is injected intravenously and shows | perfusion (flow) of blood in heart muscle
47
Thallium Scan:
Radioactive test that shows where injected thallium-201 | localizes in heart muscles
48
acs
Acute coronary syndromes (lead to plaque/clot | formation and heart attack)
49
ami
Acute myocardial infarction
50
BP
blood pressure
51
CABG:
Coronary artery bypass grafting (surgical placement of vessels, either vein or artery, to detour blocked coronary arteries)
52
CAD:
Coronary artery disease
53
CCU
Coronary care unit
54
CHF
Congestive heart failure
55
ECG
: Electrocardiography
56
ECHO
Echocardiography
57
HTN
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
58
PCI
Percutaneous coronary intervention (placement of a catheter and stent in a coronary artery to open the artery; balloon angioplasty)
59
Asphyxia
Extreme decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body with | increase of CO2 leads to loss of consciousness or death
60
• Asthma:
Spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchial airway | obstruction
61
Atelectasis:
Collapsed lung
62
Emphysema:
Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls. Along with chronic bronchitis and asthma, emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
63
Hemoptysis:
• Spitting up of blood
64
Hemothorax:
Blood in the pleural cavity
65
Pneumoconiosis:
Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
66
Tuberculosis:
An infectious disease caused by bacteria (bacilli). | The lungs and other organs are affected.
67
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs):
Measurement of ventilation (breathing capability) of the lungs. Spirometer is the instrument used to measure the air taken into and breathed out of the lungs
68
Sputum Test:
• An expelled or expectorated sputum specimen is provided by a patient coughing and the specimen is analyzed for bacterial content.
69
Tuberculin Test:
Agent is injected just under the skin and is monitored for a reaction. Redness and swelling result in people sensitive to the test substance and indicate previous or current infection with tuberculosis.
70
Bronchoscopy:
Visual examination of the bronchial tubes with an | endoscope
71
Chest X-Ray Film:
X-ray image of the chest in the AP(anterposterior), PA | (posteroanterior), and lateral side views
72
CT Scan:
• Images of the chest
73
Laryngoscopy:
``` Visual examination of the larynx via the placement of a flexible tube (laryngoscope) through the nose or mouth and into the larynx ```
74
MRI:
Images of the chest
75
Pulmonary angiography:
X-ray images taken of blood vessels in the lung after an injection of contrast material. A pulmonary embolism can be located with this procedure
76
Pulmonary ventilation-perfusion scans:
Procedures that show air flow (ventilation) and blood supply (perfusion) to the lungs via the distribution of radioactive material in the lung tissue after the radioactive material is intravenously injected or is inhaled
77
CO2:
Carbon dioxide (gas expelled from the lungs)
78
COPD:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (chronic bronchitis | or emphysema)
79
CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
80
CXR
Chest x-ray
81
O2:
Oxygen (gas entering the bloodstream through the lungs)
82
PE
: Pulmonary embolism
83
PFTs
Pulmonary function tests
84
SOB:
Shortness of breath
85
URI:
Upper respiratory infection
86
VATS:
Video-assisted thoracic surgery (using small incisions and | endoscope)
87
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS):
``` Suppression or deficiency of the immune response (destruction of lymphocytes) caused by exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV ```
88
Lymphoma:
Malignant tumour of lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue. | Hodgkin disease is an example of lymphoma
89
Mononucleosis:
Acute infections disease with enlargement of lymph nodes
90
Sarcoidosis:
Inflammatory disease in which small nodules, or tubercles, form in lymph nodes and other organs
91
CT Scan:
• Of the lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen, | and thymus gland
92
ELISA:
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, to screen for | antibodies for HIV, which causes AIDS
93
Western Blot Test:
A blood test to detect the presence of antibodies to specific antigens such as HIV. This test is more precise than the ELISA test.
94
AIDS:
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
95
ELISA:
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (test to detect | anti-HIV)
96
HAART:
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (for AIDS)
97
HD:
Hodgkin disease
98
HIV:
Human immunodeficiency virus
99
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
immunoglobulins(antibodies)
100
MAC:
Mycobacterium avium complex (a group of pathogens that cause lung disease in patients with depressed immune systems)
101
PCP:
``` Pneumocystis pneumonia (opportunistic infection seen in patients with AIDS) ```
102
nerve cells
The basic unit of communication in the nervous system is the nerve cell (neuron).

chapter 10-14 (1 decks)

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