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z PP1: Cell Bio > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

cadherins are:

A

cell adhesion molecules found in cell junctions

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2
Q

This protein appears as a “web” in the cytoplasm of cells. The protein is likely:

A

a component of the cytoskeleton.

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3
Q

What end do dynein and kinesin go towards

A

Dynein to minus end
Kinesin to plus end

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4
Q

Which types of cell junctions are found in skin?

A

adherens junctions, tight junctions, hemidesmosomes, desmosomes

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5
Q

List the following in order from lesser to greater complexity: organs, tissues, and cells.

A

cells, tissues, organs

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6
Q

True or False: The epidermis is made up of epithelial tissue whereas the dermis is made up primarily of connective tissue.

A

True

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7
Q

What is not found in plant cells but in animal cells: microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments

A

intermediate filaments

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8
Q

Cells with cilia rely mainly on _____ to facilitate their movement.

A

microtubules

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9
Q

Which type of cellular junction allows for the movement of proteins and transfer of RNA molecules?

A

plasmodesmata

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10
Q

Cadherins bind to which type of cytoskeletal elements

A

intermediate filaments and microfilaments

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11
Q

Kinesin and dynein move substances along what?

A

microtubules

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12
Q

What are microtubules made of

A

tublin protein

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13
Q

What are microtubule motor proteins and how do they work?

A

Kinesins move toward the positive pole.
Dyneins move toward the negative pole.
They help animals blend into their enviornment

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14
Q

What are some examples of microtubules?

A

centrioles and spindle fibers

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15
Q

What is the “9+2” arrangement?

A

Arrangement of flagella and cilia.
9 fuzed pairs on the outside and a pair of not fuzed microtubule in the middle

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16
Q

What are microfilaments made out of

A

Actin monomer double helix

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17
Q

What are microfilaments motor proteins and how do they work

A

Myosin - Actin works with myosin to produce muscle contractions they work by catalyzing ATP into ADP, binds to actin, AADP released causing the microfilaments to slide, myosin head binds to ATP and detaches from actin

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18
Q

What are some examples of microfilaments?

A

muscle contractions and cytoskeleton

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19
Q

What are intermediate filaments made out of

A

Intermediate filament proteins

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20
Q

What are some examples of intermediate filaments?

A

keratin, neurofilaments

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21
Q

There are two main cell adhesion molecules. What are they and what do they connect to?

Study These Flashcards
A

Cadherins: bind cell to cell (E to E, N to N)
Integrins: bind cells to extracellular matrix (ECM)

22
Q

Adherens junctions: where found and function

Study These Flashcards
A

Adhesion Molecule: Cadherin
Intercellular Attachment: Microfilaments
Function: Cell to Cell

23
Q

Desmosomes: where found and function

Study These Flashcards
A

Adhesion Molecule: Cadherin
Intercellular Attachment: Intermediate Filaments
Function: Cell to Cell

24
Q

Tight junctions: where found and function

Study These Flashcards
A

Function: Epithelial Boundary

25
Hemidesmosomes: where found and function
Adhesion Molecule: Integrin Intercellular Attachment: Intermediate Filaments Function: Cell to ECM
26
Gap junctions: where found and function
Cell Communication in animals made of connexons
27
Plasmodesmata: where found and function
Cell Communication in plants LARGER THAN GAP JUNCTIONS
28
What are some examples of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?
Collagen, fibronectin, laminin
29
The EMC is a complex mix of proteins and polysaccharides outside the cell. Secreated by many types of cells. Provides the ______ framework for the _______ of plants and animals. Provides ______________ cues
molecular, structure (bones), informational
30
What are some main functions of microfilaments?
Vesicle transport cell shape and support x contraction cytokinesis actin form of microvilli
31
What are some main functions of intermediate filaments?
stabilize STRUCTURE anchor organelles cell SHAPE
32
What are some main functions of microtubules?
cell shape cilia and flagella spindles vesicle transport
33
Out of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules which has no polarity
intermediate filaments
34
What is the structure of microfilaments?
Plus and minus end for polarity, 2 strands of twisted actin
35
What is the structure of intermediate filaments
fibrous proteins coiled into a thicker cable
36
What is the structure of microtubules
cylinder shell of protein tubulin
37
Defects in ___________________ make the skin far less resistant to physical stress
intermediate filaments
38
The __________ gives the nucleus structure
cytoskeleton
39
Which component has dynamic instability
microtubules
40
What are three types of movement associated with cells
shape changes, movement of organelles or molecules inside the cell, cell migration
41
Informational cues in the ECM provide?
Direction for cell migration Gene Expression changes (cell division) Cell Shape
42
What 3 things make up a plant cell wall? (plant EMC)
Fibers, pectin, lignin, cellulose
43
The cell wall of bacteria is
peptidoglycan
44
The basal lamina is a specialized foundation for the epithelial tissues. They _____ a structural _______ for the _______ tissues
provide, foundation, epithelial
45
Tumors within normal tissues upregulate _______ expression and downregulate ______ expression
integrin, cadherin
46
What makes up animal ECM
Fibrous Proteins -collagen -fibronectin -laminin -elastin -proteoglycan Polysaccharides
47
Bacteria ECM is apart of what?
The cell wall
48
Where are animals ECM found
In tissues
49
ECM Function:
structure for plants and animals Informational cues (cell signal, directional movement)
50
What is metastasis?
When cancer cells spread from one part of the body to another

z PP1: Cell Bio (18 decks)

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