Chapter 10

Question 1

Trigonal Planar

Answer 1

• Trigonal Planar 120°
  
  • 3 e- groups
  • 3 bonding groups
  • 0 lone pairs
• Bent <120°
  
  • 3 e- groups
  • 2 bonding groups
  • 1 lone pair

Question 2

Tetrahedral

Answer 2

• Tetrahedral 109.5°
  
  • 4 e- groups
  • 4 bonding groups
  • 0 lone pairs
• Trigonal Pyramidal <109.5°
  
  • 4 e- groups
  • 3 bonding groups
  • 1 lone pair
• Bent <109.5°
  
  • 4 e- groups
  • 2 bonding groups
  • 2 lone pairs

Question 3

Trigonal Bipyramidal

Answer 3

• Trigonal Bipyramidal 120° (equatorial), 90° (axial)
  
  • 5 e- groups
  • 5 bonding groups
  • 0 lone pairs
• Seesaw 120° (equatorial), <90° (axial)
  
  • 5 e- groups
  • 4 bonding groups
  • 1 lone pair
• T-Shaped <90°
  
  • 5 e- groups
  • 3 bonding groups
  • 2 lone pairs
• Linear 180°
  
  • 5 e- groups
  • 2 bonding groups
  • 3 lone pairs

Question 4

Octahedral

Answer 4

• Octahedral 90°
  
  • 6 e- groups
  • 6 bonding groups
  • 0 lone pairs
• Square Pyramidal <90°
  
  • 6 e- groups
  • 5 bonding groups
  • 1 lone pair
• Square Planar 90°
  
  • 6 e- groups
  • 4 bonding groups
  • 2 lone pairs
    *

Question 5

Bond Order

Answer 5

• Positive Bond order means there are more electrons in bonding MO’s than in antibonding MO’s
• The higher the bond order, the stronger the bond

BO = ½(#bonding - #antibonding)

Question 6

Molecular Shape & Polarity (Determination)

Answer 6

1. Draw a lewis structure and determine the molecular geometry.
2. Determine whether the molecule contains polar bonds.
3. Determine whether the polar bonds at together to form a net dipole moment.

Question 7

Polar Bonds

Answer 7

Polar if the two bonding atoms have sufficiently different electronegativities.

Question 8

VSEPR

Answer 8

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory

Electrong groups repel one another through coulombic forces.

Question 9

Valence Bond Theory

Answer 9

• Electrons reside in quantum-mechanical orbitals localized on individual atoms.
• A chemical bond results from the overlap of two half-filled orbitals with spin-pairing of the two valence electrons.
• The shape of the molecule is determined by the geometry of the overlapping orbitals.

Question 10

sp³ Hybridization

Answer 10

One s orbital and three p orbitals combine to form sp³ orbitals.

Question 11

sp² Hybridization

Answer 11

One s and two p orbitals results in three sp² hybrids and one leftover unhybridized p orbital.