Chapter 10 Flashcards
Be able to identify the structures of the upper and lower airway
The upper respiratory tract (upper airway) consists of the nose, mouth, sinuses, pharynx (upper section of the throat), and larynx (voice box). The lower respiratory tract consists of the trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, and lungs.
How do we breathe?
Air is pulled into your nose or mouth, and into your windpipe. This divides into airways supplying the left and right lungs. The air passes down the airways, which divide another 15 to 25 times, and finally into thousands of smaller airways until the air reaches the air sacs.
What is hypercarbic drive?
Hypercarbia is defined by an increase in carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.
What type of breathers are we? (positive or negative pressure)
negative pressure ventilation
What is the chief factor that influences our ventilation rate?
Ventilatory rate (respiratory minute volume) is tightly controlled and determined primarily by blood levels of carbon dioxide as determined by metabolic rate. Blood levels of oxygen become important in hypoxia.
Be able to describe what happens in the human body when inhale and exhale
When you inhale (breathe in), air enters your lungs, and oxygen from that air moves to your blood. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste gas, moves from your blood to the lungs and is exhaled (breathed out). This process, called gas exchange, is essential to life.
What is the difference between ventilation and respiration?
Respiration and ventilation are two different things. Ventilation is mechanical and involves the movement of air, Respiration is physiologic and involves the exchange of gases in the alveoli (external respiration) and in the cells (internal respiration). RESPIRATION: The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?
Conclusion: The Difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic Metabolism. While aerobic metabolism generates more ATP and relies on oxygen, anaerobic metabolism does not need oxygen but only creates two ATP molecules per glucose molecule. However, anaerobic and aerobic metabolism are both required to produce cellular energy
What is the difference between external and internal respiration?
External respiration, also known as breathing, involves both bringing air into the lungs (inhalation) and releasing air to the atmosphere (exhalation). During internal respiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the cells and blood vessels.
What is a V/Q mismatch?
Ventilation perfusion mismatch or V/Q defects are defects in the total lung ventilation/perfusion ratio. It is a condition in which one or more areas of the lung receive oxygen but no blood flow, or they receive blood flow but no oxygen.
Be able to describe the following terms
Tidal Volume
Dead Space
Minute Volume
Alveolar Volume
Alveolar Minute Volume
Be able to recognize the following breathing patterns
Kussmaul’s Respirations
Cheyenne Strokes Respirations
Biot’s (Ataxic) Respirations
Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation
Atonal Respirations
Be able to describe the following line sounds
Stridor
Stertor
Wheezing
Rales (crackles)
Rhonchi
How do you open the airway of a medical patient versus a trauma patient?
To open the airway, use the jaw-thrust maneuver for a trauma patient. Use the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver for a medical patient.
What is the number one cause for a
blocked airway?
The tongue is the most common cause of airway obstruction in the unresponsive patient. This is because the jaw relaxes, which allows the tongue to fall into the hypopharynx, causing blockage.
