Chapter 10

Question 1

Each amino acid has:

Answer 1

3 bases + a codon in the mRNA

Question 2

tRNAs align amino acids with corresponding codons on the _____ template

Answer 2

mRNA

Question 3

The anticodon loop binds to the appropriate codon by

Answer 3

complementary base pairing.

Question 4

Some tRNAs can recognize more than one mRNA codon, as a result of nonstandard base pairing (wobble) at the ____ codon position.

Answer 4

3rd

Question 5

Name of bacterial ribosome

Answer 5

70S

Question 6

Name of eukaryotic ribosome

Answer 6

80s

Question 7

Ribosomes contain:

Answer 7

rRNA and proteins

Question 8

rRNA is responsible for catalyzing

Answer 8

peptide bond formation

Question 9

mRNAs have noncoding ______ at the ends.

Answer 9

UTRs

Question 10

Most ______ mRNAs are mono-cistronic

Answer 10

eukaryote

Question 11

Most ______ mRNAs are poly-cistronic

Answer 11

prokaryote

Question 12

In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, translation always starts with:

Answer 12

methionine (encoded by AUG)

Question 13

Initiation codons in bacterial mRNAs are preceded by a __________ sequence, that aligns the mRNA on the ribosome.

Answer 13

Shine-Dalgarno

Question 14

the first step of initiation: a specific initiator methionyl tRNA and the mRNA bind to the _____ ribosomal subunit.

Answer 14

small

Question 15

A group of ribosomes bound to an mRNA molecule

Answer 15

polysome.

Question 16

The initiator methionyl tRNA is bound to

Answer 16

eIF2

Question 17

mRNA is brought to the complex by

Answer 17

eIF4E.

Question 18

Ribosome scan down the mRNA to identify _____ initiation codon

Answer 18

AUG

Question 19

When AUG is identified, _____ triggers the hydrolysis of GTP bound to eIF2.

Answer 19

eIF5

Question 20

The initiator methionyl tRNA is bound at the ____ site. The next aminoacyl tRNA binds to the ____ site

Answer 20

P, A

Question 21

stop codon examples

Answer 21

UAA, UAG, or UGA

Question 22

________ recognize the signals and terminate protein synthesis.

Answer 22

Release factors

Question 23

microRNAs are transcribed by:

Answer 23

RNA poly II

Question 24

siRNAS are produced from ___________

Answer 24

double-stranded RNAs

Question 25

proteins that facilitate folding of other proteins.

Answer 25

chaperones

Question 26

Many chaperones were initially identified as

Answer 26

heat-shock proteins

Question 27

folding takes place here

Answer 27

chaperonin

Question 28

catalyzes disulfide bond formation

Answer 28

PDI

Question 29

catalyzes isomerization of peptide bonds that involve proline residues.

Answer 29

Peptidyl prolyl isomerase

Question 30

cleavage of the polypeptide chain removes portions such as the initiator methionine from the amino terminus.

Answer 30

proteolysis

Question 31

transfer phosphate groups from ATP to the hydroxyl groups of side chains of serine, threonine, or tyrosine.

Answer 31

protein kinases

Question 32

Phosphorylation is reversed by

Answer 32

protein phosphatases

Question 33

cAMP-dependent protein kinase has:

Answer 33

two regulatory and two catalytic subunits.

Question 34

attached to the amino group of the side chain of a lysine residue, then more are added to form a chain.

Answer 34

Ubiquitin

Question 35

a large protease complex

Answer 35

proteasome.