Chapter 10

Question 1

Talk about the Crusades

Answer 1

• There were 4 Crusades
• During the 1st Crusade Christian armies took control of Jerusalem and the surrounding lands in 1099. By 1187 Jerusalem fell again to a great Muslim general (Saladin)
• Crusade is from the latin word crux, or “cross”
• During a crusade Christians were to “take back the cross” freeing the Holy Land and its sacred sites

Question 2

What is lay investiture?

Answer 2

illicit practice of secular leaders - laypeople, not ordained bishops - to invest, or empower, a leader of the Church with authority

Question 3

What is a pilgrimage?

Answer 3

a journey to a shrine or other holy places for spiritual reasons

Question 4

What does the word mendicant mean?

Answer 4

beggar taken from the Latin word mendicus

Question 5

What were the Greogorian Reforms?

Answer 5

• calling celibacy or Roman Catholic priest
• forbidding lay investiture
• banning simony (the buying and selling of spiritual things or services and positions within the Church)

Question 6

Talk about the 4th Lateran Council

Answer 6

• Pope Innocent III gathered Church leaders for a great Ecumenical Council (4 lateran council)
• the decisions were:
• Catholics must receive Holy Communion at least once a yer
• transubstantiation - the term to describe the changing of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ that takes place at Mass during the Consecration, by which the power of the Holy Spirt and through the words and actions of the priest

Question 7

What is Christendom?

Answer 7

a cultural and political atmosphere when nearly everyone was Catholic and Catholicism influenced every aspect of people’s lives

Question 8

What is simony?

Answer 8

the buying and selling of spiritual things or services and positions within the Church

Question 9

What are heretics?

Answer 9

those who taught false doctrines, and sometimes even those who criticized the Church in a positive and faithful way

Question 10

What is ecommunicaiton?

Answer 10

being kicked out of the church

Question 11

Talk about Jerusalem

Answer 11

the muslims took over Jeruslame in the 1 crusade

Question 12

Talk about Constantinople

Answer 12

• 4th Crusade attacked and looted Constantinople a city in the eastern part of the Christian world

Question 13

Explain transubstantiation

Answer 13

• the term to describe the changing of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ that takes place at Mass during the Consecration, by which the power of the Holy Spirt and through the words and actions of the priest

Question 14

What are some contributions the friars has on society?

Answer 14

• they worked directly with and among the poor
• traveled from town to town preaching the Gospel
• friar comes from the Latin word frater meaning “brother”

Question 15

What is feudalis

Answer 15

a system where landowners were the most powerful class in society and peasants were required to serve them

Question 16

BONUS!

Answer 16

Saint Francis of Assisi chose to live a holy life