chapter 10

Question 1

mucinous, carcinoid, and bronchial alveolar carcinoma are examples of what kind of tumor?

metabolically active
metabolically weak
aggressive
rare

Answer 1

metabolically weak

Question 2

what is a technique that can be used to detect metabolically weak tumors?

Answer 2

reviewing the NAC images

Question 3

breast cancer tumor marker

Answer 3

CA 15-3 or CA 27.29, CEA, ER/PR, HER2/neu antigen

Question 4

colorectal cancer tumor marker

Answer 4

CEA

Question 5

heptocellular cancer tumor marker

Answer 5

AFP

Question 6

melanoma tumor marker

Answer 6

LDH, S-100

Question 7

multiple myeloma tumor marker

Answer 7

beta2-microglobulin

Question 8

ovarian cancer tumor marker

Answer 8

CA-125

Question 9

pancreatic cancer tumor marker

Answer 9

CA19-9

Question 10

prostate cancer tumor marker

Answer 10

PSA

Question 11

testicular cancer tumor marker

Answer 11

AFP, hCG, LDH

Question 12

describe the nature of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Answer 12

high chance of recovery, systemic spread mostly above the diaphragm, mets to bone marrow, liver, lungs, affects adolescents and young adults

Question 13

describe the nature of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Answer 13

more common, manifests as B-cell disease, spreads in a less systemic fashion, more extranodal involvement, higher incidence in adults

Question 14

describe the nature of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Answer 14

is a class of NHL, common in young adults, can be classified further as mycosis fungoides, sezary syndrome, others

Question 15

what special scan parameters should be utilized when scanning patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas?

Answer 15

perform WB PET scan with arms above the head

Question 15

describe the nature of myeloma

Answer 15

more common in men, people > 60 y/o, patients experience bone pain, anemia, fatigue

Question 15

soft tissue lymphomas or high-grade NHL can be restaged as early as __________ after chemotherapy

2 days
1 week
1-3 weeks
4-6 weeks

Answer 15

1-3 weeks

Question 15

the three stages of myeloma are based on what three things?

Answer 15

levels of M protein, RBCs, and calcium number of bony lesions

Question 15

what special scan parameters should be utilized when scanning patients with myeloma?

Answer 15

arms down

Question 16

leukemias are grouped into two different types of WBCs, which are called…

Answer 16

myeloid or lymphoid

Question 17

chronic lymphocytic leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia primarily affect

people > 60 y/o
pediatrics
adolescents
adults

Answer 17

adults

Question 18

acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia occur in both

people > 60 y/o and adults
adults and adolescents
adults and children
children and infants

Answer 18

adults and children

Question 19

what is the type of cancer in which patients have a higher risk of developing a second primary?

head and neck cancer
leukemia
lymphoma
myeloma

Answer 19

head and neck cancer

Question 20

most head and neck cancers are _______ carcinomas

Answer 20

squamous cell

Question 21

name two risk factors associated with head and neck cancer

Answer 21

tobacco and alcohol use

Question 22

T/F: metastatic cancer of unknown primary is not covered by cms for initial treatment strategy

Answer 22

false

Question 23

describe the nature of cancer of unknown primary

Answer 23

slightly more common in men than women, presents in later stages of life, divided into 5 histologic categories after FNA

Question 24

define the five histologic classifications of cancer of unknown primary

Answer 24

adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma, poorly differentiated neoplasm, squamous cell carcinoma

Question 25

describe the nature of thyroid cancer

Answer 25

more common in women, forms include papillary, follicular cell, hurthle cell, medullary, anaplastic

Question 26

what type of thyroid cancer develops from C cells? anaplastic papillary follicular medullary

Answer 26

medullary

Question 27

what is the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer? medullary papillary anaplastic hurthle cell

Answer 27

anaplastic

Question 28

describe the nature of thymomas

Answer 28

extremely rare, occurs in adults between 40-60 y/o

Question 29

epithelial cells, lymphocytes, neuroendocrine cells, and kulchitsky cells are the main types of cells in the...

Answer 29

thymus

Question 30

T/F: NCCN details that PET imaging for thymomas is covered under insurance when patients have a mediastinal mass or are being evaluated for distant mets

Answer 30

false, PET imaging is considered optional

Question 31

describe the nature of esophageal cancer

Answer 31

affects men more than women, people > 65 y/o, involves squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas

Question 32

define the TNM staging system

Answer 32

T - primary tumor, levels 1-4 N - nodal disease. N0 = no nodal disease, N1 = regional nodal disease M - metastases. M0 = no mets, M1 = demarcating mets

Question 33

what type of cancer has one of the highest mortality rates? gastric cancer brain cancer skin cancer lung cancer

Answer 33

lung cancer

Question 34

define the nature of NSCLC

Answer 34

more common than SCLC, spreads more slowly, can be squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large-cell carcinoma, BAC

Question 35

name four organs NSCLC can metastasize to

Answer 35

liver, brain, bone, adrenal glands

Question 36

define the KRAS mutation analysis and its implications

Answer 36

identifies mutations in the KRAS gene to detect eligibility for therapies targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)

Question 37

define the nature of SCLC

Answer 37

grows faster than NSCLC, divided into limited or extensive disease stage; extensive involves mets and malignant pleural effusions

Question 38

a patient presents with a type of fast-growing cancer involving pleural effusions and mets to the liver and bone. what type of cancer do they have?

Answer 38

SCLC

Question 39

name four organs SCLC can metastasize to

Answer 39

liver, bone, brain, adrenal glands

Question 40

besides skin cancer, what is another from of cancer most common in women? endometrial cancer uterine cancer breast cancer cervical cancer

Answer 40

breast cancer

Question 41

name 4 organs breast cancer can metastasize to

Answer 41

brain, bone, lungs, liver

Question 42

T/F: the use of PET for diagnosing breast masses or for axillary nodal staging is not covered by insurance

Answer 42

true

Question 43

where do carcinoid tumors typically present?

Answer 43

appendix, small intestine, stomach, lung