chapter 10 Flashcards
intelligence
the ability to use ones mind to solve novel problems and learn from experience
ratio IQ
a metric obtained by dividing a child’s mental age by their physical age and then multiplying the quotient by 100
deviation IQ
a metric obtained by dividing a person’s test score by the average test score for people that age and then multiplying the quotient by 100
Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS) and Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC)
measure intelligence by asking people to answer questions and solve problems (find similarities, draw inferences from evidence, workout and apply rules, remember and manipulate material, construct shapes, articulate meaning of words, recall general knowledge and so on and so forth
positive manifold
the fact that a person’s performance on a variety of tests tend to be positively correlated
two factor theory of intelligence
Spearman’s theory suggesting that a person’s performance on a test is due to a combination of general cognitive ability and specific abilities unique to the test
data based approach
approach to determining what is a “mid level ability” in the 3 level hierarchy of intelligence. start by examining people’s responses to questions on intelligence tests and then try to see how those responses correlate to each other. (look at where statistics lead us)
theory based approach
approach to determining what is a “mid level ability” in the 3 level hierarchy of intelligence. start by considering the broad range of human abilities and then try to determine which of them intelligence tests measure, and which are not measured by these tests. ( focuses more on mental processes that underlie intelligent thinking).
crystalized intelligence
the ability to apply knowledge that was acquired through experience. Long term memory. Increases until about 50. Best measured by tests of knowledge, word meanings, cultural practices, etc.
fluid intelligence
the ability to solve and reason about novel problems
emotional intelligence
the ability to reason about emotions and to use emotions to enhance reasoning
heritability coefficient
a statistic (commonly denoted as h2) that describes the proportion of the difference between people’s IQ scores that can be explained by differences in their genes.
shared environment
features of the environment that are experienced by all relevant members of a house hold
non-shared environment
features of the environment that are not experienced by all relevant members of a house hold
flynn effect
refers to the fact that the average IQ score today is 30 points more than it was a century ago
eugenics
idea that the intelligence of humankind should be increased by controlled breeding, which often involves limiting the rights of the least intelligent people to reproduce
stereotype threat
the anxiety associated with the possibility of confirming other people’s stereotypes about one’s group
cognitive enhancers
drugs that improve the psychological processes that underlie intelligence performance
Thurstone
argued that there was a set of primary mental abilities. (Space, verbal comprehension, word fluency, number facility, perceptual speed, rote memory, and reasoning)
Cattel and Horn
broke down the general intelligence (g) from the two factor theory into crystallized and fluid intelligence
confirmatory factor analysis
suggests that there is a 3 level hierarchy of general intelligence (g)
intelligence Carroll’s 8 abilities
memory and learning, visual perception, auditory perception, retrieval ability, cognitive speediness, processing speed, crystallized intelligence, and fluid intelligence
spearman
said that intelligence is largely inherited
factor analysis
a statistical method that identifies groups of variables that are related to a smaller number of underlying factors
