chapter 10 Flashcards
strain
overstretching/disruption of musculotendinous unit; overuse of soft tissue; less severe than a sprain
sprain
severe stress, stretch, or tear, usually refers to a ligament or joint capsule, 1st (mild), 2nd (moderate), 3rd (severe) degree sprain
dislocation
displacement of a part, usually the bony partners of a joint, resulting in loss of anatomical relationship and soft tissue damage, inflammation, pain, muscle spasm
subluxation
an incomplete or partial dislocation, usually with secondary trauma to soft tissue
muscle/tendon rupture or tear
if tear is partial, there will be pain in the area of the tear when the muscle is stretched; with a complete rupture/tear, the muscle does not pull against the injury, so muscle contraction will not cause pain
tendinopathy
tendinous lesion; chronic tendon pathology
tenosynovitis
inflammation of the synovial membrane covering a tendon
tendinitis
inflammation of the tendon
tendinosis
degeneration of a tendon due to repetitive microtrauma
tenovaginitis
inflammation with thickening of a tendon sheath
synovitis
inflammation of a synovial membrane with excess of synovial fluid
hemathrosis
bleeding into a joint usually due to severe trauma
ganglion cyst
ballooning of the wall of a joint capsule or tendon sheath
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
contusion
bruising from direct blow resulting in capillary rupture, bleeding, edema, and an inflammatory response
overuse syndrome, cumulative trauma disorders, repetitive strain injuries
repeated, submaximal overload, frictional wear to a muscle or tendon
reflex muscle guarding
- prolonged contraction of the muscle in response to painful stimulus
- source may be nearby or a referred source
- functionally splints the injured tissue
- ends when the painful stimulus ends
intrinsic muscle spasm
- prolonged contraction of a muscle in response to local circulatory and metabolic changes
- muscles is in constant state of contraction
- pain is result of the circulatory and metabolic changes, so the spasm becomes self perpetuation, can also happen due to viral infection, cold, emotional tension, or trauma
muscle weakness
- decrease in strength
- may be caused by neurological injury, injury to that muscle or inactivity
myofascial compartment syndrome
- increase interstitial pressure in a closed compartment that causes compression of blood vessels, muscles, and nerves
- may be caused by fractures, repetitive trauma, crush injuries, restrictive clothing, wraps or casts
severity of tissue injury
grade one - mild pain in the first 24 hours, some swelling and local tenderness
grade 2 - moderate pain that stops activity, stress an touch increases pain
grade 3 - near complete or complete tear or avulsion with severe pain
