Chapter 10 Flashcards
1
Q
aque/o
A
water
2
Q
blephar/o
A
eyelid
3
Q
conjunctiv/o
A
conjunctiva
4
Q
corne/o
A
cornea
5
Q
kerat/o
A
cornea
6
Q
cycl/o
A
circle, ciliary body
7
Q
ir/o
A
iris
8
Q
irid/o
A
iris
9
Q
lacrim/o
A
tear
10
Q
dacry/o
A
tear
11
Q
ocul/o
A
eye
12
Q
ophthalm/o
A
eye
13
Q
opt/o
A
eye
14
Q
phac/o
A
lens
15
Q
phak/o
A
lens
16
Q
phot/o
A
light
17
Q
presby/o
A
old age
18
Q
retin/o
A
retina
19
Q
scler/o
A
hard or sclera
20
Q
vitre/o
A
glassy
21
Q
-opia
A
condition of vision
22
Q
ophthalmology
A
speciality related to the study of the eye
23
Q
ophthalmologist
A
physician who specializes in the study and treatment of the eye
24
Q
Optometrist
A
one who specializes in measuring the eye
25
ocular
pertaining to the eye
26
blepharospasm
involuntary muscular contraction of the eyelid
27
blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelid
28
keratoplasty
surgical repair or reconstruction of the cornea
29
dacryocyst
lacrimal sac where tears are collected before they flow to the nose
30
dacryocystitis
inflammation of the lacrimal sac
31
phacolysis
break down of the lens
32
phakoma
tumor-like condition of the lens
33
photophobia
abnormal fear of sensitivity to light
34
presbyopia
vision condition common with old age
35
cyclotomy
incision in the ciliary body
36
iritis
inflammation of the iris
37
iridectomy
excision of a portion of the iris
38
anterior chamber
fluid-filled space between the cornea and iris
39
aqueous humor
watery liquid secreted by the ciliary processes that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens (humor = fluid)
40
canal of Schlemn
duct in the anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream
41
choroid
vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina
42
ciliary body
ring of tissue behind the peripheral iris that is composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes
43
ciliary muscle
smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision
44
ciliary processes
epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor
45
conjunctiva
mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
46
cornea
transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image
47
eyelid
movable, protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye
48
palpebra
movable, protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye (same as eyelid)
49
fovea centralis
pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision (fovea = pit)
50
fundus
interior surface of the eyeball, including the retina, optic disk, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye) (fundus = base)
51
glands of Zeis
oil glands surrounding the eyelashes
52
meibomian glands
oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids
53
iris
colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil
54
lacrimal gland
gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears
55
lacrimal ducts
tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac
56
lacrimal sac
structure that collects tears before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct
57
lens
transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina
58
lens capsule
capsule that encloses the lens
59
macula lutea
central region of the retina; responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color (lute = yellow)
60
macula
central region of the retina; responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color (lute = yellow) (same as macula lutea)
61
nasolacrimal duct
passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose
62
optic disk
exit site of retinal nerve fibers as wells as entrance point for retinal arteries and exit point for retinal veins
63
optic nerve
nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain
64
posterior chamber
space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous chamber; filled with aqueous humor
65
pupil
black, circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye
66
retina
innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve
67
cones
cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light
68
rods
rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light
69
sclera
tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve
70
trabecular meshwork
mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of Schlemn
71
vitreous
jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye
72
asthenopia
eyestrain (asthenia = weak condition)
73
blepharospasm
involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing
74
diplopia
double vision
75
exophthalmos or exophthalmus
abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs
76
lacrimation
secretion of tears
77
nystagmus
involuntary, rapid, oscillating movement of the eyeball (nystagmos = a nodding)
78
photophobia
extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light
79
scotoma
blind spot in vision (skotos = darkness)
80
refractive errors
defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina
81
astigmatism
distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina (stigma = point)
82
hyperopia
farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina
83
myopia
nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina
84
presbyopia
impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation
85
accommodation
ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
86
amblyopia
decreased vision in early life because of a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus, refractive errors (when one eye is more nearsighted, farsighted, or astigmatic than the other), or trauma; usually occurs in one eye; also known as lazy eye (amble/o = dim)
87
aphakia
absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction
88
blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelid
89
blepharochalasis
| dermatochalasis
baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of skin elasticity on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open (chalasis = a slackening)
90
blepharoptosis
| ptosis
drooping of the eyelid; usually caused by paralysis
91
chalazion
chronic nodular inflammation of the meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct; commonly presents as a swelling on the upper or lower eyelid (chalaza = hailstone)
92
cataract
opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision
93
conjunctivitis
pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva
94
dacryoadenitis
inflammation of the lacrimal gland
95
dacryocystitis
inflammation of the tear sac
96
diabetic retinopathy
disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization) leading to scarring and loss of vision
97
ectropion
outward turning of the rim of the eyelid (troop = turning)
98
entropion
inward turning of the rim of the eyelid
99
epiphora
abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct (epi = upon; hero = to bear)
100
glaucoma
group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision
101
hordeolum
sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid (hordeum = barley)
102
iritis
inflammation of the iris
103
keratitis
inflammation of the cornea
104
macular degeneration
breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision
105
pseudophakia
an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant (pseudo = false)
106
pterygium
fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light
107
retinal detachment
separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically
108
retinitis
inflammation of the retina
109
strabismus
| heterotropia
a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance (strabismus = a squinting; hetero = other)
110
esotropia
right or left eye deviates inward, toward nose (eso = inward; troop = turning)
111
exotropia
right or left eye deviates outward, away from nose (exo = out; tropo = turning)
112
scleritis
inflammation of the sclera
113
trichiasis
misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea
114
distance visual acuity
measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance, usually from 20 feet (6 meters); normal distance visual acuity is 20/20 (6/6)
115
fluorescein angiography
visualization and photography of retinal and choroidal vessels made as fluorescein dye, which is injected into a vein, circulates through the eye
116
ophthalmoscopy
use of an ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye
117
slit lamp biomicroscopy
use of a tabletop microscope used to examine the eye, especially the cornea, lens, fluids, and membranes
118
sonography
use of high-frequency sound waves to detect pathology within the eye (e.g., foreign bodies and detached retina)
119
tonometry
use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure , which is elevated in glaucoma
120
blepharoplasty
surgical repair of an eyelid
121
cataract extraction
excision of a cloudy lens from the eye
122
cryoretinopexy
| cryopexy
use of intense cold to seal a hold or tear in the retina; used to treat retinal detachment
123
dacryocystectomy
excision of a lacrimal sac
124
enucleation
excision of a eyeball
125
iridectomy
excision of a portion of the iris tissue
126
iridotomy
incision into the iris (usually with a laser) to allow drainage of aqueous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber; used to treat a type of glaucoma
127
keratoplasty
corneal transplantation; replacement of a diseased or scarred cornea with a healthy one from a matched donor
128
laser surgery
use of a laser to make incisions or destroy tissues; used to create fluid passages or obliterate tumors, aneurysms, etc.
129
laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
a technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive error (e.g., myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism) (smileusis = carving)
130
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intraocular lens (IOL)
implant
```
implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens (e.g., after cataract extraction)
131
phacoemulsification
use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract, with aspiration and removal
132
scleral buckling
surgery to treat retinal detachment by placing a band of silicone around the sclera to cinch it toward the middle of the eye and relieve pull on the retina; often combined with other techniques to seal retinal tears (e.g, cryoretinopexy)
133
contact lens
small, plastic, curved disk with optical correction that fits over the cornea; used to correct refractive errors
134
eye instillation
introduction of a medicated solution in the eye, usually administered by a drop (gt) or drops (gtt) in the affected eye or eyes
135
eye irrigation
washing of the eye with water or other fluid (e.g., saline)
136
antibiotic ophthalmic solution
antimicrobial agent in solution; used to treat bacterial infections (e.g., conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers)
137
cycloplegic
agent that paralyzes the ciliary muscle and the powers of accommodation; commonly used in pediatric eye examinations
138
mydriatic
agent that causes dilation of the pupil; used for certain eye examinations
139
miotic
agent that causes the pupil to contract (mio = less)
