Chapter 10

Question 0

What are some properties of Inorganic Compounds ?

Answer 0

Elements present: most metals&nonmetals
Particles: mostly ions
Many are ionic, some covalent bonding
Polarity: most ionic or polar covalent, a few are nonpolar covalent
Usually high melting and boiling point, low flammability, most are soluble in h20 unless they are nonpolar

Question 1

What are some properties of Organic Compounds ?

Answer 1

Elements present: C,H, & sometimes O,S,N,or a halogen-(Cl,F,Br,I)
Particles: molecules
Mostly covalent bonding, usually low melting & boiling point, high flammability
Not soluble in h20 unless polar group is present
Nonpolar, unless strongly electronegative atom is present

Question 2

A molecule with four atoms bonded to a central atom has what kind of shape?

Answer 2

Tetrahedral 109 degrees

Question 3

What are AlkANEs ?

Answer 3

A class of hydrocarbons in which the atoms are connected ONLY by single bonds.

Question 4

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Methane ?

Answer 4

Molecular Formula: CH4

Condensed Structural Formula: CH4

Question 5

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Ethane ?

Answer 5

Molecular Formula: C2H6

Condensed Structural Formula:
CH3-CH3

Question 6

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Propane ?

Answer 6

Molecular Formula: C3H8

Condensed Structural Formula:
CH3-CH2-CH3

Question 7

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Butane ?

Answer 7

Molecular Formula: C4H10

Condensed Structural Formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

Question 8

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Pentane ?

Answer 8

Molecular structure: C5H12

Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Question 9

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Hexane ?

Answer 9

Molecular formula: C6H14

Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Question 10

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Heptane ?

Answer 10

Molecular formula: C7H16

Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Question 11

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Octane ?

Answer 11

Molecular formula: C8H18

Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Question 12

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Nonane ?

Answer 12

Molecular formula: C9H20

Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Question 13

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Decane ?

Answer 13

Molecular formula: C10H22

Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Question 14

What are cycloalkANEs ?

Answer 14

Cyclic structures of hydrocarbons

Have two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding alkanes.

Question 15

What is a branched Alkane ?

Answer 15

An Alkane with at least one branch.

Question 16

What are isomers ?

Answer 16

When two compounds have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.

Question 17

What is an alkyl group ?

Answer 17

An Alkane that is missing one hydrogen atom.

Question 18

Names & formulas of some common substituents

Answer 18

CH3-  Methyl
CH3-CH2-  Ethyl
CH3-CH2-CH2-  Propyl
CH3-CH(-on top)-CH3  Isopropyl 
F-,Cl-,Br-,I-  Fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo

Question 19

Haloalkane

Answer 19

Halogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms in an Alkane.
                  Cl
                    |
               Cl-C-F
                     |
                    Cl
Trichlorofluoromethane

Question 20

What is the least reactive family in organic compounds ?

Answer 20

Alkanes

Question 21

When does an Alkane undergo combustion ?

Answer 21

When it completely reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, & energy.

Question 22

What is an alkENE ?

Answer 22

It contains at least one double bond, which forms when two adjacent carbon atoms share two pairs of valence electrons.

Question 23

What is an AlkYNE ?

Answer 23

A triple bond forms when 2 carbon atoms share 3 pairs of valence electrons.

Question 24

What are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons and what are known as saturated hydrocarbons because of single, triple, and double bonds ?

Answer 24

Unsaturated- Alkenes and Alkynes because of double and triple bonds Saturated- alkanes because of single bonds

Question 25

Aromatic compounds

Answer 25

Benzene family. | Hexagon with a circle in the center

Question 26

Hydrocarbons

Answer 26

Organic compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen.

Question 27

Alcohol

Answer 27

A hydroxyl (-OH) group replaces a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon. CH3-CH2-OH is an alcohol

Question 28

Thiol

Answer 28

Contains the functional group -SH bonded to a carbon atom. CH3-CH2-SH is a thiol

Question 29

Ether

Answer 29

Contains an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms. The oxygen atom also had two unshared pairs of electrons, but are not shown in condensed structural formulas. CH3-O-CH3 is an Ether

Question 30

Carbonyl group

Answer 30

Consists of a carbon atom attached to an oxygen atom with a double bond. (C=O) Aldehydes & Ketones contain a carbonyl group

Question 31

Aldehydes

Answer 31

The carbon atom of the carbonyl group is bonded to a hydrogen atom. O || CH3-C-H

Question 32

Ketones

Answer 32

The carbon atom of the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms. O || CH3-C-CH3

Question 33

Carboxylic acids

Answer 33

Functional group is the carbonyl group, which is a combination of the carbonyl & hydroxyl groups. O || -C-O-H OR -COOH

Question 34

Ester

Answer 34

Similar to carboxylic acid, except that the oxygen of the carboxyl group is attached to a carbon and not to hydrogen. O || -C-O- OR -COO-

Question 35

Amines

Answer 35

Derivatives of ammonia, NH3, in which carbon groups replace one, two, or three of the hydrogen atoms. | -N- Example: CH3-NH2 | Page:375 in textbook

Question 36

Amide

Answer 36

The hydroxyl group of a carboxylic acid is replaced by a nitrogen group. O O || || | CH3-C-NH2 -C- N- Example: ^