Chapter 10

Question 1

Who founded the Psychoanalysis or Psychodynamic theory?

Answer 1

Sigmund Freud

Question 2

In what theory did Sigmund Freud say that people have a conscious mind, a pre conscious mind, and an unconscious mind?

Answer 2

Psychoanalysis

Question 3

Attuned to an awareness of the outside world

Answer 3

Conscious mind

Question 4

Contains hidden memories or forgotten experiences that can be remembered

Answer 4

Pre conscious mind

Question 5

Containing the instinctual, repressed, and powerful forces?

Answer 5

Unconscious mind

Question 6

Who said and in what theory consists of the three parts such as Id, Ego, and Superego

Answer 6

Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalysis theory

Question 7

Comprised of amoral basic instincts, which operates according to the pleasure principle

Answer 7

Id

Question 8

The conscious, decision-making executive of the mind, which operates according to the reality principle

Answer 8

Ego

Question 9

The conscience of the mind that contains the values of parental figures and that operates according to the moral principle

Answer 9

Superego

Question 10

What two are confined to the unconscious?

Answer 10

Id and superego

Question 11

What operates primarily in the conscious but also in the preconscious and unconscious

Answer 11

Ego

Question 12

Psychoanalysis is also built on what Freud referred to as psychosexual development stages which are?

Answer 12

Oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency, and genital stage

Question 13

Where the mouth is the chief pleasure zone and basic gratification is from sucking and biting?

Answer 13

Oral stage

Question 14

Where delight is in either withholding or eliminating feces

Answer 14

Anal stage

Question 15

Where the chief zone of pleasure is the sex organs, and members of both sexes must work through their sexual desires

Answer 15

Phallic stage

Question 16

Where energy is focused on peer activities and personal mastery of cognitive learning and physical skills

Answer 16

Latency

Question 17

Each gender takes more interest in the other and normal heterosexual patterns of interaction appear

Answer 17

Genital stage

Question 18

What is the role of the counselor in the Psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 18

They function as experts, encourage their clients to talk about whatever comes to mind, especially childhood experiences, to create an atmosphere in which the client feels free to express difficult thoughts and let client’s gain insight by reliving and working through the unresolved past experiences that come into focus during sessions.

Question 19

Helping clients to become more aware of the unconscious aspects of his or her personality and to work through current reactions that may be dysfunctional, helping a client work through development stage not previously resolved, and helping clients cope with the demands of the society are the goals of what theory?

Answer 19

Psychoanalytic theory

Question 20

What theory techniques are most often applied within a specific setting, such as a counselors office or a hospitals interview room

Answer 20

Psychoanalytic theory

Question 21

What are the techniques of the Psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 21

Free Association
Dream Analysis
Analysis of Transference 
Analysis of Resistance 
Interpretation

Question 22

In which technique do the client abandons the normal of censoring thoughts by consciously repressing them and instead says whatever comes to mind if it’s silly?

Answer 22

Free Association

Question 23

Freud said this technique was a main avenue to understanding the unconscious and were an attempt to fulfill a childhood wish or express unacknowledged sexual desires. Contains manifest content (obvious meaning) and latent content (hidden but true meaning)

Answer 23

Dream Analysis

Question 24

Encourage transference and interprets the positive or negative feelings expressed

Answer 24

Analysis of Transference

Question 25

When clients make progress while undergoing psychoanalysis and then slow down or stop. May miss appointments, be late for appointments, not paying fees, persisting in transference, blocking thoughts during free association or refusing to recall dreams

Answer 25

Analysis of Resistance

Question 26

Encompasses explanations and analysis of the client's thoughts, feelings, and actions

Answer 26

Interpretation

Question 27

What theory focuses on social interests as well as the purposefulness of behavior and the importance of developing a healthy style of life

Answer 27

Adlerian theory

Question 28

Who was the founder of the Adlerian approach to counseling?

Answer 28

Alfred Adler

Question 29

Adlerian counseling is also known as what that emphasize the holistic and indivisible nature of people?

Answer 29

Individual Psychology

Question 30

Adler viewed that people are primarily motivated by what? Which is a feeling of being connected to society as a part of the social whole, an active interest in and empathy with others, as well as a need and willingness to contribute to the general social good

Answer 30

Social interest

Question 31

Whose theory holds that conscious aspects of behavior, rather than the unconscious, are central to the development of personality

Answer 31

Adler's theory

Question 32

One of Adlerian views is that people strive to become successful which is called?

Answer 32

Striving for perfection or completeness

Question 33

Another one of Adler's views is a tendency for each person initially to feel inferior to others which is called?

Answer 33

Inferiority complex

Question 34

Another one of Adler's views for when a person overcompensated for feelings of inferiority? Which is also described as a neurotic fiction that is unproductive

Answer 34

Superiority complex

Question 35

Is it true or false that Adler believed that people are as influenced by future goals as by past causes and places considerably emphasis on birth order?

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What are the five ordinal positions that are emphasized in Adlerian literature on the family constellation?

Answer 36

``` First borns Second borns Middle children Youngest children Only children ```

Question 37

The role of the counselor functions primarily as diagnosticians, teachers, and models in the equalitarian relationships and try to assess why clients are oriented to a certain way of thinking and behaving is which theory?

Answer 37

Adlerian theory

Question 38

Which theory has goals that revolve around helping people develop healthy, holistic lifestyles and educating clients about what such lifestyles are as well as helping them overcome feelings or inferiority

Answer 38

Adlerian theory

Question 39

Adlerian uses what specific techniques to foster behavioral change

Answer 39

``` Confrontation Asking the question Encouragement Acting as if Spitting in the client's soup Catching oneself Task setting Push button ```

Question 40

When counselor challenges clients to consider their own private logic. They often realize they cash change their behavior

Answer 40

Confrontation

Question 41

When the counselor asks a question during ti initial interview?

Answer 41

Asking the question

Question 42

When counselors help their clients feel good about themselves and others and is a key to making productive lifestyle choices in learning and living

Answer 42

Encouragement

Question 43

Acting as the person they see in their dreams?

Answer 43

Acting as if

Question 44

When the counselor points out certain behaviors to clients and thus ruins the payoff for the behavior

Answer 44

Spitting in the client's soup

Question 45

Client's learning to become aware of self-destructive behaviors or thoughts

Answer 45

Catching oneself

Question 46

Client's initially set short range, attainable goals and eventually work up to long term, realistic objectives

Answer 46

Task-setting

Question 47

Client's are encouraged I realize they have choices about what stimuli in their lives they pay attention to

Answer 47

Push button

Question 48

Who is the person most identified with person-centered counseling?

Answer 48

Carl Rogers

Question 49

As a descriptor of counseling, focuses on the potential of individuals to actively choose and purposefully decide about matters related to themselves and their environments

Answer 49

Humanistic

Question 50

According to who, self-actualization is the most prevalent and motivating drive of existence and encompasses actions that influence the total person

Answer 50

Carl Rogers

Question 51

Who views the individual from a phenomenological perspective and says that the person's perception of reality is more important than the event itself?

Answer 51

Carl Rogers

Question 52

The concept of self is another idea that what two people share?

Answer 52

Rogers and Adler

Question 53

For a healthy self to emerge, a person needs what? Which means love, warmth, care, respect, and acceptance

Answer 53

Positive regard

Question 54

A person receives what from parents and others in childhood as well as later in life which traces the person to feel valued only when conforming to others wishes

Answer 54

Conditional regard

Question 55

What theory has a role as being a holistic one when he or she sets up and promotes a climate in which the client is free and encouraged to explore all aspects of self?

Answer 55

Person-centered counseling

Question 56

In what theory is the counselors job is to work as a facilitator rather than a director and the counselor is the process expert and expert learner

Answer 56

Person-centered counseling

Question 57

What theory is for helping a client become a fully functioning person who has no need to apply defense mechanisms to everyday experiences?

Answer 57

Person-centered counseling

Question 58

What are the three necessary and sufficient techniques that Rogers believes in?

Answer 58

Empathy Unconditional positive regard Congruence

Question 59

What is the ability to feel with clients and convey understanding back to them?

Answer 59

Empathy

Question 60

What is also known ass acceptance and deep and genuine caring for the client as a person?

Answer 60

Unconditional positive regard

Question 61

Is the condition of bring transparent in the therapeutic relationship by giving up roles and facades. Being open and genuine

Answer 61

Congruence

Question 62

Who are two of the most influential professionals in the field of existential counseling?

Answer 62

Rollo May and Viktor Frankl

Question 63

What is the view of human nature approach of Existential counseling?

Answer 63

It disclaims the deterministic view of human nature and emphasizes the freedom that human beings have to choose what to make of the circumstances

Question 64

The free will of choice and the action that goes with it is what theory?

Answer 64

Existential counseling

Question 65

According to Frankl, the meaning of life always changes but it never ceases to be and his theory known as what that states that meaning goes beyond self-actualization and exists at three levels?

Answer 65

Logo therapy

Question 66

What are the three levels of meanings according to Frankl?

Answer 66

Ultimate meanings Meaning of the moment Common, day-to-day meaning

Question 67

We can discover life's meaning in three ways?

Answer 67

By doing a deed By experiencing a value By suffering

Question 68

What theory has no uniform roles and considers every client to be unique. Counselors are sensitive to all aspects of their clients character such as voice, posture, facial expression, even dress and apparently accidental movements of the body

Answer 68

Existential theory

Question 69

What theory has counselors to concentrate on being authentic with their clients and entering into deep and personal relationships with them?

Answer 69

Existential theory

Question 70

What theory has a goal to include helping clients realize the importance of meaning, responsibility, awareness, freedom, and potential?

Answer 70

Existential theory

Question 71

What theory does not limit the counselor to specific techniques and interventions, using techniques implies manipulating them, and the most effective and powerful technique counselors have is he relationship with the client?

Answer 71

Existential theory

Question 72

Who is the founder of the Behavioral Therapy?

Answer 72

B.F. Skinner

Question 73

What theory consist of: A focus on the here and now as opposed to the then and there of behavior An assumption that all behaviors is learned, whether it is adaptive or maladaptive A belief that learning can be effective in changing maladaptive behavior A focus on setting up well-defined therapy goals with their clients A rejection of the idea that the human personality is composed of traits

Answer 73

Behavioral therapy

Question 74

What theory embrace the social-cognitive form of learning stressing that people acquire new knowledge and behavior by observing other people and events without engaging in the behavior themselves and without any direct consequences to themselves which is also called modeling?

Answer 74

Behavioral therapy

Question 75

What theory has a role when the client learns, unlearns, or relearns specific ways of behaving and functions as a teacher, consultant, adviser, reinforcer, and facilitator

Answer 75

Behavioral therapy