Chapter 10

Question 1

ACIDS

Answer 1

Comes for the Latin word acidus, whuch means “sour.”

ACIDS are essential in the chemical industry.

Any chemical substance that donates hydrogen ions, H+ (Brønsted-Lowry definition)

Question 2

BASES

Answer 2

Characterized by their bitter taste and slippery feel.

Also used heavily in industry– such as sodium hydroxide.

Any chemical that accepts hydrogen ion.
(Brønsted-Lowry Definition)

Question 3

NEUTRALIZATION

Answer 3

Reaction between an acid and base

Question 4

STRONG ACID

Answer 4

Example: hydrogen chloride, HCI

Question 5

STRONG BASE

Answer 5

Example: sodium hydroxide

Question 6

HOW TO ASSESS THE STRENGTH OF AN ACID/BASE

Answer 6

Measure how much of it remains after it has been added to water.

If little remains, the ACID or base is strong.

If a lot remains, it’s weak.

Question 7

ACETIC ACID

Answer 7

• weak acid
• when dissolved in water, only a small portion of the acetic ACID molecules are converted to ions.
• (C2H4O2)

Question 8

AMPHOTERIC

Answer 8

A substance whose ability to behave as an ACID is about the same as its ability to behave as a BASE

Question 9

HYDRONIUM/HYDROXIDE

Answer 9

In pure water is extremely low… about 0.00000010 M for each.

Question 10

NEUTRAL

Answer 10

Any solution containing an equal number of bydronium and hydroxide ions.

Pure water is an example– because it contains equal # of ions

Question 11

BUFFER SOLUTION

Answer 11

Any solution that resists large changes in pH.

Work by containing 2 components– one component neutralizes any added ACID, and the other neutralized any added BASE.