chapter 10 Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
cerebell/o
A
cerebellum, 小腦
ex.) cerebellar (小腦)
2
Q
cerebr/o
A
cerebrum, 大腦
ex.) cerebral cortex (大腦皮層)
3
Q
dur/o
A
dura mater, 硬膜
ex.) subdural hematoma (硬膜下血腫)
4
Q
encephal/o
A
brain
ex.) encephalitis (腦炎)
5
Q
gli/o
A
glial cells, 神經膠質
ex.) glioblastoma
6
Q
lept/o
A
thin, slender
ex.) leptomeningeal (軟腦膜)
7
Q
mening/o,
meningi/o
A
membranes, 薄膜
meninges, 腦膜
ex.) meningioma(腦膜瘤)
8
Q
my/o
A
muscle
ex.) myoneural
9
Q
myel/o
A
spinal cord
ex.) myelogram (脊髓造影)
10
Q
neuro/o
A
nerve
ex.) neuropathy(神經病)
11
Q
pont/o
A
pons (腦橋)
ex.) cerebellopontine (小腦橋腦)
12
Q
radicul/o
A
nerve root [of spinal nerves]
ex.) radiculitis (神經根炎)
13
Q
thalam/o
A
thalamus (丘腦)
ex.) thalamic (丘腦)
14
Q
thec/o
A
sheath [ refers to meninges]
ex.) intrathecal injection (鞘內注射)
15
Q
vag/o
A
vagus nerve [10th cranial nerve]
ex.) vagal (迷走神經)
16
Q
alges/o, -algesia
A
excessive sensitivity to pain
ex.) analgesia (鎮痛)
17
Q
-algia
A
pain
ex.) neuralgia (神經痛)
18
Q
caus/o
A
burning
ex.) causalgia (灼痛)
19
Q
comat/o
A
deep sleep [coma]
ex.) comatose (昏睡的)
20
Q
esthesi/o,
-esthesia
A
feeling, nervous sensation
ex.) anesthesia (麻醉)
21
Q
kines/o kinesi/o -kinesia -kinesis -kinetic
A
movement
ex.) hyperkinesis (運動過度)
22
Q
-lepsy
A
seizure
ex.) epilepsy (癲癇)
23
Q
lex/o
A
word, phrase
ex.) dyslexia (誦讀困難)
24
Q
-paresis
A
weakness
ex.) hemiparesis (偏癱)
25
-phasia
speech
ex.) aphasia (失語症)
26
-plegia
paralysis (loss or impairment of the ability to move parts of the body)
ex.)hemiplegia (偏癱)
27
-praxia
action
ex.) apraxia (失用症)
28
-sthenia
strength
ex.) neurasthenia (神經衰弱)
29
syncop/o
to cut off, cut short
ex.) syncopal (暈厥)
30
tax/o
order, coordination
ex.) ataxia (共濟失調)
31
acetylcholine
乙酰膽鹼
32
afferent nerve
傳入神經
33
arachnoid membrane
蛛網膜
34
astrocyte
星形膠質細胞
35
autonomic nervous system
自主神經系統
36
axon
軸突
37
blood-brain barrier
血 - 腦屏障
38
brainstem
腦幹
39
cauda equina
馬尾
40
cell body
細胞體
41
central nervous system (CNS)
中樞神經系統
42
cerebellum
小腦
43
cerebral cortex
大腦皮層
44
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
腦脊液
45
cerebrum
大腦
46
cranial nerves
顱神經
47
dendrite
枝晶
48
dura mater
硬膜
49
efferent nerve
傳出神經
50
ependymal cell
室管膜細胞
51
ganglion (plural: ganglia)
神經節
52
glial cell (neurological cell)
神經膠質細胞
53
gyrus (plural: gyri)
回
54
hypothalamus
下丘腦
55
medulla oblongata
延髓
56
meninges
腦膜
57
microglial cell
小膠質細胞
58
motor nerve
運動神經
59
myelin sheath
髓鞘
60
nerve
神經
61
neuron
神經元
62
neuron transmitter
神經元發射器
63
oligodendroglial cell
少突膠質細胞
64
parasympathetic nerves
副交感神經
65
parenchyma
實質
66
peripheral nervous system
外週神經系統
67
pia mater
軟腦膜
68
plexus (plural: plexuses)
叢
69
pons
腦橋
70
receptor
接收器
71
sciatic nerve
坐骨神經
72
sensory nerve
感覺神經
73
spinal nerves
脊神經
74
stimulus (plural: stimuli)
刺激物
75
stroma
基質
76
sulcus (plural: sulci)
溝
77
sympathetic nerves
交感神經
78
synapse
突觸
79
thalamus
丘腦
80
vagus nerve
迷走神經
81
ventricles of the brain
腦室
82
hydrocephalus
abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain
腦積水
83
spina bifida
congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect)
脊柱裂
84
Alzheimer disease (AD)
Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment or daily functioning
阿爾茨海默病
85
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem
肌萎縮性側索硬化
86
epilepsy
Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
癲癇
87
Huntington disease
Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and metal deterioration
亨廷頓舞蹈病
88
multiple sclerosis (MS)
Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue
多發性硬化症
89
myasthenia gravis (MG)
Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles
重症肌無力
90
palsy
paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function)
麻痺
91
Parkinson disease (parkinsonism)
Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in the later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement
帕金森病
92
Tourette syndrome
Involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words
抽動 - 穢語綜合徵
93
herpes zoster (shingles)
Viral infection affecting peripheral nerves
帶狀皰疹
94
meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis
腦膜炎
95
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy
Brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS
人類免疫缺陷病毒性腦病
96
brain tumor
Abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges
腦腫瘤
97
cerebral concussion
Temporary brain dysfunction (brief loss of consciousness) after injury, usually clearing within 24 hours
腦震盪
98
cerebral contusion
Bruising of brain tissue as a result of a direct trauma to the head; neurological deficits persist longer than 24 hours
腦挫傷
99
cerebrovascular accident
Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke
腦血管意外
100
migraine
Severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache
偏頭痛
101
absence seizure
失神發作
102
aneurysm
動脈瘤
103
astrocytoma
星形細胞瘤
104
aura
光環
105
dementia
癡呆
106
demyelination
脫髓鞘
107
dopamine
多巴胺
108
embolus
栓子
109
gait
步態
110
ictal event
發作性事件
111
occulusion
occulusion
112
palliative
治標不治本
113
thymectomy
胸腺切除術
114
transient ischemic attack
短暫性腦缺血發作
115
tic
抽搐
116
tonic-clonic seizure
強直 - 陣攣性發作
117
cerebrospinal fluid analysis
samples of CSF are examined
腦脊液分析
118
cerebral angiography
X-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessel in the brain after injection of contrast material
腦血管造影
119
computed tomography (CT) of the brain
X-ray technique that generates computerized multiple images of the brain and spinal cord
計算機斷層掃描的大腦
120
myelography
X-ray imaging of the spinal canal after injection of contrast medium into the subarachnoid space
脊髓造影
121
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord
磁共振成像
122
positron emission tomography (PET) scan
Radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells
正電子發射斷層掃描
123
doppler ultrasound studies
Sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries
多普勒超聲研究
124
electroencephalography (EEG)
Recording of the electrical activity of the brain
腦電圖
125
lumbar puncture (LP)
CSF is withdrawn between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis
腰椎穿刺
126
stereotactic radiosurgery
Use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain.
立體定向放射外科治療
