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Pharm Fall 2024 > Chapter 10: Alpha Antagonist Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Alpha Antagonist Drugs Flashcards

Test 2 (46 cards)

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1
Q

Alpha antagonists =

A

Alpha blockers

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2
Q

What is the Alpha Blocker MOA?

A

Bind to the receptor and block the natural ligand effects

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3
Q

What is the only irreversible Alpha-Blocker?

A

Phenoxybenzamine

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4
Q

What is Pheochromocytoma?

A

Tumor that overproduces epinephrine

Located in GI tract and adrenomedulla

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5
Q

Tx: Pheochromocytoma

A

Non-selective Alpha antagonists

Phentolamine
Phenoxybenzamine

decreases BP so tumor can be operated on

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6
Q

T/F: Alpha Blockers can cause reflex tachycardia

A

T

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7
Q

Tx: BPH

A

Alpha Blockers

-osin drugs

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8
Q

Drug: Labetalol

A

Mixed Alpha/Beta blocker

Racemic Mixture

Vasodilation, decrease HR, decrease contractility, decreased CO

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9
Q

Drug: Phenotolamine

A

Alpha Blocker
Competetive antagonist

Vasodilation
reflex tachycardia

Minor adverse effects: Abd pain, N/V

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10
Q

Tx: Male erectike dysfunction

A

Alpha Blocker

Phentolamine

Has to inject directly into penis
Can cause priapism - erection that doesnt go away**

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11
Q

Drug: Phenoxybenzamine

A

Alpha blocker

forms covalent bonds

inhibits NE reuptake

will make orthostatic BP worse

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12
Q

Drugs: Prazosin

A

Alpha Blocker A-1 Specific

Low affinity for A-2 = no reflex tachycardia

Tx: HTN; BPH

-works in the arteries and veins

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13
Q

What is BPH?

A

Overgrowth of the prostate gland

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14
Q

T/F: -osin Alpha-blockers are A-1 specific

A

T

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15
Q

What effects do Beta blockers have?

A

negative inotropic
negative chronotropic

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16
Q

How can you identify a Beta blocker?

A

-olol

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17
Q

What is the beta blocker prototype?

A

Propranolol

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18
Q

Which beta blocker has a bioavailability of 0? what does this mean?

A

Esmolol

Cant give PO

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19
Q

What are some general characteristics of Pharmacokinetics of beta blockers?

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A

A: Peak: 1-3 hrs
D: half life: 3-10 hrs
M: bioavailability: low 30-60%
E: vary

20
Q

Where do beta blockers work?

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A

Heart - Beta receptors in the cardiac myocytes

21
Q

Inotropic =

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A

Force
contractility

22
Q

Chronotropic =

23
Q

How does beta blockers effect the lungs?

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A

constricts bronchioles

24
Q

How does beta blockers effect the eyes?

25
How does chronic use of beta blockers effect Lipoproteins?
Increases VLDL and decreases HDL = bad
26
Drugs: Propranolol
Beta blocker -- PROTOTYPE B1/B2 IV only - 1st pass metabolism extensive **Inderal LA is long acting version**
27
Drugs: Metoprolol and Atenolol
Beta Blockers B1 specific **Safer in pts with Asthma & DM**
28
Which Labetalol isomers are nearly inactive?
S,S R, S
29
Which Labetalol isomers are a potent Beta blocker?
R,R
30
Which Labetalol isomers are a potent A1 blocker?
S,R
31
Drugs: Esmolol
Beta Blocker B1 specific Ultra short acting/rapid Safer for critically ill 0% bioavailability = IV steady state infusion Tx: Intraoperative tachycardia, SVT
32
What are Beta Blocker Indications
HICOD HTN Ischemic Heart Disease Cardiac Arrhythmias Obstructive Cardiomyopathy Diessecting aortic aneurysm
33
How should you stop taking beta blockers?
d/c gradually
34
What are 2 important signs of toxicity?
Worsening of asthma (B2 blocker - constricts) Hypogylcemia in DM
35
What is a SE of Alpha-1 Blockers?
Salt and water retention **More effective when used in conjunction with Beta blockers and diuretics and vice versa**
36
What are your 4 types of Vasodilators?
Oral Parenteral Combination Nitrates
37
How do nitrates work?
Release Nitric Oxide in the endothelium
38
Drugs: Hydralazine
Vasodilator Induces NO production in endothelium low bioavailability rebound tachycardia Tx: HTN
39
Drugs: Minoxidil
Vasodilator K+ channel activation, hyperpolarization of smooth muscles **Rogaine-- SE: will grow hair**
40
What vasodilator will cause hair growth?
Minoxidil
41
Drugs: Nitroprusside
Vasodilator Breaks down to release NO in blood stream Works on arteries and veins **Protect from light** Continuous IV infusion Tx: HTN emergency, Cardiac Failure
42
What happens with Nitroprusside toxicity?
Cyanide accumulation/posioning
43
What organ eliminates CN-?
Kidneys
44
Should you give Nitroprusside to a patient in kidney failure? Why?
No CN accumulation. CN is eliminated by the kidneys
45
What metabolizes CN (cyanide)?
Sodium Thiosulfate
46
Drugs: Fenoldopam
Vasodilator Dopamine-1 agonist Works at the Dopamine-receptors at the renal bed Continuous IV infusion Tx: HTN emergencies , post-op HTN

Pharm Fall 2024 (30 decks)

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