chapter 10 - biodiversity Flashcards
(16 cards)
1
Q
How do we define a species ?
A
- two organisms are in the same species if they can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
2
Q
What are courtship rituals ?
A
- a sequence of actions, like dances, sounds, pheromones, fighting etc, which is unique to each species
- this is how the animals can identify that they are part of the same species
- they are essential for successful mating and species recognition
- most performs by males and females observe and decide if they want to court with the male
3
Q
Why is courtship important ?
A
- to ensure successful reproduction by getting them to recognise their own species and they are of the opposite sex and it synchronises mating behaviour meaning their sexually mature and in season ( releasing eggs )
- to ensure survive of the offspring by forming a pair bond and choose a strong health mate ( so that the male and female stay together and raise the offspring )
4
Q
What can different courtship ritual tell us a?
A
- the more similar courtship sequence, the more closely related the species are
5
Q
What is the binomial system ?
A
- the universal way we name organisms
- Genus species e.g Homo sapiens
- New Zealand robin = Petroica australis
6
Q
What is an advantages of the bionomial system ?
A
- it shows how closely related differs species are
- same genus indicates a relationship
7
Q
Why do different species look similar ?
A
- two species might live in similar environments
- so have similar selection pressure
- so similar alleles will have the selective advantage
- so produces similar/ same proteins and therefore haves similar characteristics
8
Q
What is classification system
A
- an example of a hierarchy
- a hierarchy is when smaller groups are arranged within larger groups
- and there are no overlap between groups
9
Q
What is the classification system we use ?
A
- domain - dear
- kingdom - king
- phylum - Phillip
- class - came
- order - over
- family - for
- genus - good
- species - soup
10
Q
Why do we have classification systems ?
A
- to organise the million of species
- and helps understand relationships between organisms and keep track of changes
- and its universal
11
Q
How do we classify ?
A
- by looking at how similar dna sequence, mRNA sequence and amino acids sequence
- and immunological - comparing similarity in self antigens
12
Q
What is phylogenetic classification ?
A
- arranges species into groups according to their evolutionary origins and relationships
- helps us see how closely related species are and where they share common ancestors
13
Q
What are the three types of biodiversity ?
A
- species diversity = the number of different species and individual within a species in a community , species richness - the number of diffent species in a particular area at a particular time
- genetic diversity = the variety of genes amongst all individual in a population of one species
- ecosystem diversity = the range of different habitats
14
Q
How do human affect biodiversity ?
A
- by farming practices :
- destruction of hedgerows
- selective breeding
- monocultures
- over-grazing
- filling in ponds and draining wetlands
15
Q
How can we measure biodiversity ?
A
- index of diversity
- different from species richness as it also measure the number of individuals in each species
- measures relationship between number of species in a community and number of individual in each species
16
Q
What is the formula for index diversity
A
- index of diversity = N(N-1)/ the sum of n(n-1)
- N = the total number of organisms of all species
- n = total number of organisms of a paticular species
- the larger the number, the greater the species diversity m
