Chapter 10- Cell Division & Mitosis Flashcards
(22 cards)
Cell division is
The process whereby a preexisting cell divides to form two new cells
Cytokinesis is
The division of the cytoplasm
Cyto
Cell
Kinesis
Movement
Cell cycle
Period of growth followed by nuclear division and cytokinesis
Mitosis
The nuclear division board of the cell cycle
Daughter cells
Genetic copies of parent cell
Meiosis
Produces daughter nuclei different in that they have 1/2 the number of chromosomes the parental nucleus had
Cells that are products of meiosis may function as what in animals?
Gametes (fusing with other gametes to make a zygote)
Cells that are products of meiosis may function as what in plants and many fungi?
Spores
Mitosis occurs in which organisms?
Eukaryotes
Cell division occurs in which organisms?
Prokaryotes
Most eukaryotic cells have how many copies of each type of chromosome in their nuclei?
2; diploid; 2n
2 chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell are called
Homologous chromosomes (same genes)
Some eukaryotes, mostly fungi, have only 1 copy of each type of chromosome in their nuclei, so their chromosome complement is said to be
Haploid (n)
Ploidy of a cell or species
Number of chromosome sets is called what…?
HISTONES
A class of small, positively charged (basic) proteins that are complexed with DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes
Chromatin
Complex of DNA and its associated proteins
Gamete
Sex cell
Abnormalities of ploidy are called what
Aneuploid
Causes of Aneuploidy:
Nondisjunction
Failure to separate
Causes of Aneuploidy
Translocation=
Pairs switching
