Chapter 10 - Cell Growth and Division

Question 1

Why do cells divide?

Answer 1

• Size
• Reproduction
• Repair
• Growth

Question 2

How do you find the surface area to volume ratio of a cell?

Answer 2

Find the surface area and volume of a cell, then set the surface area over the volume. Then simplify it.

Question 3

What is the surface area to volume ratio if a cell has a surface area of 6cm^2, and a volume of 1cm^3?

Answer 3

6:1

Question 4

What is the surface area to volume ratio if a cell has a surface area of 24cm^2, and a volume of 8cm^3?

Answer 4

3:1

Question 5

What is the surface area to volume ratio if a cell has a surface area of 57cm^2, and a volume of 27cm^3?

Answer 5

2:1

Question 6

Do larger or smaller cells function more efficiently?

Answer 6

Smaller Cells

Question 7

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 7

Two of the same species - one male and one female - combine 23 chromosomes of their own together to make unique offspring.

Question 8

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 8

One individual of a species copies its own DNA / genes exactly, then makes identical offspring to itself.

Question 9

What are chromosomes?

Answer 9

They carry genetic information/DNA. They are each made of two chromatids held together by a centromere.

Question 10

What is another name for a chromosome?

Answer 10

Sister chromatids

Question 11

What is a chromatid? Does it have wound or unwound DNA?

Answer 11

This is one half of a chromosome. This has wound DNA.

Question 12

What are sister chromatids, and what is one other name for it?

Answer 12

Sister chromatids are two chromatids held together by a centromere. One name for it is “chromosome.”

Question 13

What is chromatin, and when do you see it in cell reproduction?

Answer 13

Unwound DNA; found during interphase of mitosis and in interphase 1 of meiosis.

Question 14

What is centromere?

Answer 14

It holds the chromatids together to form sister chromatids.

Question 15

What are the stages of mitosis? Remember the acronym.

Answer 15

1. Interphase
2. Prophase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase
6. Cytokinesis

Question 16

In interphase, what is the G₁ Phase?

Answer 16

This is the growth phase, when the cell reaches the point that it is too big, so it can no longer sustain itself.

Question 17

In interphase, what is the S Phase?

Answer 17

This when DNA is replicated.

Question 18

In interphase, what is the G₂ Phase?

Answer 18

This is when the cell prepares for mitosis, and makes a copy of each organelle.

Question 19

What happens in prophase, and how much time does it take (in percent)?

Answer 19

The chromatin forms into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope begins to disintegrate, and the spindles begin to form. It can take as much 50-60% of the time in mitosis.

Question 20

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 20

The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, and a spindle fiber connects to each chromatid.

Question 21

What happens in anaphase?

Answer 21

The spindles pull the sister chromatids apart, separating them into four chromatids on each side.

Question 22

What happens in telophase

Answer 22

The organelles and chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell, and the membrane begins to furrow. The nuclear envelope begins to reform.

Question 23

What happens in cytokinesis?

Answer 23

The cell completely splits, and the chromatids turn back into chromatin.