Chapter 10 Chromosomal Organization and Molecular Structure

Question 1

Chromosomes

Answer 1

structure in cell that contain genetic material

Question 2

Genome

Answer 2

Complete set of genetic material

Question 3

Four Chromosomal Tasks:

Answer 3

1) synthesize RNA
2) Replicate
3) Segregate
4) compact

Question 4

Virus

Answer 4

small infectious particle containing nucleic acid and genetic material, surrounded by protein coat

Question 5

Host Cell

Answer 5

Cell virus infects

Question 6

Host Range

Answer 6

Spectrum of host species that a virus infects

Question 7

Self Assembly

Answer 7

Virus self assembles through spontaneous binding of nucleic acid and protein to one another.

Question 8

Bacterial Chromosomes found in?

Answer 8

Found in nucloid

Question 9

Bacterial Chromosome shape

Answer 9

circular

Question 10

Structural Genes

Answer 10

Nucleotides that encode proteins (make of majority of bacterial DNA)

Question 11

Intergenic Regions

Answer 11

nontranscribed regions of DNA

Question 12

oriC

Answer 12

Initiation site of assembly of proteins required for replication in bacterial chromosomes

Question 13

Loop Domain

Answer 13

Segment of DNA compacted into loop formation

Question 14

Supercoiling and its effects

Answer 14

twisting of DNA

effect: promotes seperation/compaction

Question 15

DNA Gyrase (or Topo II) and Topo I

Answer 15

Produces supercoiling

Question 16

Topo I

Answer 16

relaxes negative supercoiling

Question 17

Where are eukaryotic Chrom. located?

Answer 17

In nucleus

Question 18

Chromatin

Answer 18

DNA-Protein complex found in euk. chromo.

Question 19

Three components required for replication:

Answer 19

1) oriC
2) centromere
3) Telomere

Question 20

Sequence Complexity

Answer 20

of times base sequence appears in genome

Question 21

Unique or Non Repetitve Sequence

Answer 21

Very rare in genome (couple of times) 46% in humans

Question 22

Moderately Repetitive

Answer 22

few hundred-thousound repeats

Question 23

Highly Repetitive

Answer 23

Tens of thousands-millions of times

Question 24

Nucleosome

Answer 24

double stranded DNA wrapped around octamer of histone protein

Question 25

Histone Protein Components and Types

Answer 25

- Positively charged - Arginine binds to backbone of DNA - H1 linker binds nucleosomes to help compact structure

Question 26

Nuclear Matrix

Answer 26

network of proteins in nucleas

Question 27

Lamina

Answer 27

collection of fibers that line inner nuclear membrane

Question 28

Radial Loop Domain

Answer 28

Result of nuclear matrix compacts chrom. even more

Question 29

M.A.R

Answer 29

Matrix Attachment Regions or Scaffold Attachment Region places for chrom to bind to matrix

Question 30

Heterochromatin

Answer 30

tightly compact region of chrom. (not active)

Question 31

Euchromatin

Answer 31

less compact region (active in transcription)

Question 32

Constitutive Heterochromatin

Answer 32

Permanently not capable of transcription

Question 33

Facultative Heterochromatin

Answer 33

can occsionally interconver and become capable of transcription

Question 34

Condesin

Answer 34

helps condense chrom.

Question 35

Cohesin

Answer 35

helps binds sister chromatid

Question 36

What is directed assembly

Answer 36

when a virus is too complicated to self assemble and needs help from other proteins. Ex: T2 bacteriophage

Question 37

Is bacterial DNA positivly or negativly supercoiled?

Answer 37

Negative

Question 38

What are effects of negative supercoiling?

Answer 38

Compaction and strand seperation

Question 39

What do quinolones and coumarins do?

Answer 39

Inhibit the Gyrace but not topo Ex: cipro

Question 40

What is the most abundant repetitve sequence in human genome?

Answer 40

Aru