Chapter 10: Emotions Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are the three components of emotion?
- Subjective feeling/experience
- Physiological pattern
- Behavioral response
What is stress?
Pattern of physiological and hormonal changes(cortisol) that disrupt homeostasis and activate sympathetic nervous system
What is mood?
Long lasting diffuse state that is characterized by enduring subjective feelings without identifiable object/trigger
What is the difference between the Papez circuit and the limbic system?
Papez circuit:
- Hypothalamus
- Anterior thalamus
- Cingulate gyrus
- Hippocampus
Limbic system:
- All above
- Amygdala
- Orbitofrontal cortex
- Parts of basal ganglia
What is the consequence of amygdala lesions?
No recognition of fear, but do understand what fear is
What is the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and what role does it play?
Coordinating emotional responses, lays in the midbrain
What are three categories of emotions?
- Basic emotions: reflected by face expression, carved by evolution
- Complex emotions: combinations of basic emotions, socially or culturally learned
- Dimensional theories of emotions: emotions that are the same but vary along dimensions (intense to mild)
What are basic emotions?
Innate emotions that are similar across humans and some animals. They are expressed with facial expressions. Can be for a short period of time.
Produce physical changes in the body and are produced by subcortical circuits
Also exist in congenitally blind people
What are complex emotions?
Combinations of basic emotions, such as jealousy and parental love. They have an extended duration and can be goal-directed
What two factors describe dimensional theories of emotion? What happens with mixed feelings?
- Valence: positive/negative or pleasant/unpleasant
- Arousal: intensity of response
Mixed feelings: Positive and negative emotions happen at the same time. Positive releases dopamine, negative releases norepinephrine
What is the James-Lange Theory of emotion?
Serial processing of:
1. Conscious perception of stimulus
2. Physiological response
3. Behavioral response
4. Cognition: interpretation of physiological response
5. Subjective emotional feeling
What is the Cannon Bard Theory of emotion?
Parallel processing of:
1: Perception of stimulus
2: Thalamus:
- Cortex produces emotional feeling
- Hypothalamus activates sympathetic nervous system
3/4 physiological response + behavioral response
What is the Lazarus/appraisal theory?
- Perception
- Cognition (quick risk-benefit appraisal)
- Emotional feeling
- Behavioral response
What is the Singer-Schachter theory?
- Perception
- Physiological response (arousal)
- Behavioral response
- Cognition: evaluating environment and physiological response
- Emotional feeling
What is the difference between Singer-Schachter theory and James-Lange theory?
SS theory: conscious reasoning for interpretation of situation and it combines arousal with context
JL theory: unconscious reasoning
What are LeDoux fast and slow roads to emotion?
- Slow
- Includes V1
- Conscious emotional feeling - Fast
- From thalamus directly to amygdala
- Fight/flight system for defensive behavior
What are the 3 main complexes of the amygdala and their respective functions?
- Basolateral nuclear complex (La+B): connection sensory input to striatum to control actions in the face of threat
- Centromedial complex (Ce): control innate emotional behaviors
- Cortical nucleus (Co): involved in olfaction and modulates memory formation
What is the kluver-bucy syndrome? What happens in the case its unilateral?
Temporal lobe surgically removed because of epilepsy
Results in:
- Hypersexuality
- No fear response
- Abusive, violent behavior
- Approaching dangerous objects
If unilateral, you can still process fear
What is the function of the amygdala? Name 4 things
- Protection (detect + avoid)
- What to do with a stimulus (attention, perception, decision making)
- Identification fear expression
- Experiencing fear
What’s the difference between amygdala and hippocampus lesions?
Amygdala: implicit expression of emotional learning
Hippocampus: necessary for explicit knowledge of emotional properties
What is for example a UCS and a CS in fear conditioning? What happens with fear conditioning when there are lesions to the amygdala?
Fear conditioning:
- UCS: painful, CS: light
- No fear conditioning with lesions to amygdala
Explain the high and low roads of fear-conditioning
- High: cortical
- Identify stimulus –> evaluation –> action - Low: subcortical
- Evolutionary shortcut thalamus to amygdala
- Ability to act quickly
What is the difference between explicit and implicit fear learning? What structures support each form of learning?
Implicit: fear conditioning
- Amygdala
Explicit: learning to fear something because we are told to do so
- Hippocampus
What is emotional tagging?
Insignificant events before an emotional event are often remembered
