Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BPK 110 > Chapter 10 - Energy Balance > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Energy Balance Flashcards

(43 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Define energy

A

ability to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define energy intake

A

total energy consumed from food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define energy expenditure

A

energy used t fuel basal metabolism, physical activity, processing food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define energy balance

A

when energy intake = energy expenditure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Energy expenditure

A

We burn energy for three main purposed
- Basal metabolic rate (~60-75%)
- Diet-induced thermogenesis (~10%)
- Physical activity (~15-30%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

the amount of energy the body needs to perform its most basil life-sustaining functions over a period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What factors determine BMR

A

higher BMR
- certain genetic factors
- male sex
- younger age
- taller height
- higher lean body mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diet-induced thermogenesis

A

energy that is used and dissipated as heat following food intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Weight gain

A

Occurs due to an increase in:
- fat mass ( consistent energy surpluss)
- Lean mass ( increased muscle mass)
- water mass (can fluctuate from day to day)
- glycogen storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adipocyte

A

Secrete adipokines, a messanger that communicated with other body tissues (leptin)
- in obese individuals promote low grade inflammation and disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Leptin

A

Acts on the hypothalamus to promote satiety
- When fat cells get larger, more leptin is released - this decreases appetite and promotes an energy deficit
Many obese individuals are leptin resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sick fat disease

A

adipokine secretion shifts to promote chronic low-grade inflammation
- type 2 diabetes
- cardiovascular disease
- certain cancers
- fatty liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fat mass disease

A

Added weight promotes biomechanics and structural challenges
- osteoporosis
- joint pain
- sleep apnea
- tissue friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define appetite

A

drive to consume food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define hunger

A

Physiological need to consume food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define satiety

A

sense of fullness that makes us stop eating and keeps us feeling full until the next meal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Obesogenic environment

A

The abundance of food and food cues in our environment promotes a constant stream of signals to promote high energy consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Individual psychology

Study These Flashcards
A

Stress, metal health status and the way we think about ourselves and our bodies can affect both how much we eat and how much we exercise

19
Q

Social psychology

Study These Flashcards
A

out perched lack of time may compromise out ability to eat healthy and be active

20
Q

physiology

Study These Flashcards
A

we all handle energy differently - differences in microbiomes and appetite regulation can have significant effects on energy balance

21
Q

Microbiome and energy balance

Study These Flashcards
A

individuals with obesity are more likely to have more firmicutes in their colon ( bacteria are better at harvesting energy from food increasing energy intake)

22
Q

What are the satiety signals

Study These Flashcards
A

leptin (from adipose) and GLP-1(from small intestine)

23
Q

What is the hunger signal

Study These Flashcards
A

ghrelin (from stomach)

24
Q

Body composition

Study These Flashcards
A

= proportion of fat mass and lean body mass

25
Visceral fat
higher risk of disease
26
How can you measure body composition
- DEXA ( dual X-ray absorptiometry) scans the body in two planes --> body composition and bone density - Air/water displacement: body weight/body volume = body density - skin folds - bioelectric impedance rate in which electrical current passes through the body ( fat has a greater resistance to current - BMI - mass/height^2 - waist circumference: over 88cm for women and 102 cm for men is considered higher risk
27
willpower
our thinking brains ability ro override other signals - should use skill power as well
28
Self-efficacy
belief in our ability to achieve a certain task
29
Mindfulness
being aware of and experiencing, the present moment with a judgement-free curious approach
30
Orlistat
- block the activity of lipase in the small intestine - fat absorption, caloric intake decrease
31
Larglutide
- increases the activity of GLP-1 - promotes satiety
32
Naltrexone/Bupropion
Reduced food cravings by altering the reward circuit in the brain that drives food-seeking behaviour
33
roux-en-Y garlic bypass
a small upper part of the stomach is sectioned off from the rest of the stomach. It is then attached to the jejunum of the small intestine. Food bypasses most of the stomach as well as the duodenum and is not reversible
34
Sleeve gastrectomy
A banana-sized portion of the stomach is removed entirely. The overall size of the remaining stomach is significantly smaller. Not reversible
35
Gastric banding
An inflatable device is places around the upper portion of the stomach. Food must be party digested in this upper part before passing through the narrow opening in the stomach allowed by the band. Reversible
36
Risk factors for eating disorders
- genetics - female - socio-cultural ( pressure to be thin) - personality ( perfectionism) - history of sexual or physical abuse
37
Binge eating
loss of control of eating - typically occurs in the absence of hunger and at a fast rate, associated with guilt or shame
38
Bulimia nervosa
involves binge eating and compensation - vomiting, excessive exercise or laxatives - Risk factors: preoccupation with food, distorted perception of body weight, depression
39
Binge eating disorder
Binge eating without compensation - promotes obesity - risk factors: frequent dieting, inability to interpret hunger/satiety signals
40
Anorexia nervosa
significant restriction in energy intake leading to an unhealthfully low body weight - individuals often: have an intense fear of weight gain, feel disturbed by their weight or shape
41
Night eating syndrome
Abnormal increased food intake at night (>25% of caloric intake), lack of morning hunger, insomnia
42
Orthorexia nervosa
an obsession with eating healthy signs: - compulsively checking food labels - cutting out foods, nutrients - limiting food intake to narrow range of foods
43
Treatment of eating disorders
typically begins with diagnosis by health care providers - main treatment strategies are psychologic - education may also be prescribed

BPK 110 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions