Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Chemistry > Chapter 10: Gases > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Gases Flashcards

1
Q

substances that a liquids or solids under ordinary conditions can also exist in the gaseous state, often referred to as _______

A

vapors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

gases differ from liquids and solids by? (4)

A
  1. expands to fits its containers
  2. highly compressible
  3. homogeneous mixtures
  4. individual molecules are relatively far apart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

conveys the idea of a force, a push that tends to move something

A

pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

P = F/A

A

pressure equation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gravity works w/ gases to creates ________ _______

A

atmospheric pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

you can calculate the magnitude of atmospheric pressure F exerted by any object is the product of its mass x acceleration

A

F = ma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the SI unit for kg-m/s^2 is a ________

A

Newton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SI unit of pressure is 1. _______ given the name 2. _______

A
  1. N/m^2

2. pascal (Pa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a related unit to the Pascal is the _____ which one equals to 105 Pa

A

bar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

atmospheric pressure @ sea level is ______ Pa or 1 bar

A

105

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

who created the barometer?

A

Evangelista Torricelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dish experiences the full force of the Earth’s atmosphere and the column of Hg tries to match it as to why it increases —> barometer increased, height of Hg column, amount of atmo pressing down on surface decreases

A

Torricelli’s argument about pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

corresponds to the typical pressure @ sea level

A

standard atmospheric pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

1.01325 x 10^5 Pa =

A

standard atmospheric pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

standard atmospheric pressure defines common non-SI units used to express gas such as 1. _________ and 2. _______

A
  1. atmosphere (atm)

2. millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or torr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

operates like a barometer; sometimes used to measure gas pressures near atmospheric pressure; P (gas) = P (atm) + P (height)

A

manometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

120 in 120/80 in blood pressure

A

systolic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

80 in 120/80

A

diastolic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

reading gauge

A

systolic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pressure reduced until blood flows freely

A

diastolic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

presence of abnormally high blood pressure greater than 140/90

A

hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the 4 variables for the physical conditions of gas?

A
  1. pressure
  2. volume
  3. moles of gas (amount of gas)
  4. temperature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the laws expressed the effect of 1. ____ variable on 2. ______ w/ the remaining two variables held at 3. ________

A
  1. one
  2. volume
  3. constant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the volume of a fixed quantity of gas maintained @ constant temp is inversely proportional to the pressure

A

Boyle’s Law

25
one gets smaller as the other gets larger
inversely proportional
26
PV = constant
Boyle's Law
27
______ was the first to experiment with a variable systematically changed to determine the effect of the other
Boyle
28
hot air balloons 1. ______ as it's heated, a balloon will shrink as the 2. _____ is cooled
1. expand | 2. gas
29
Pressure-Temperature relationship
Robert Boyle
30
Temperature-Volume relationship
Jacques Charles
31
the volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to it's absolute temp
Charles's Law
32
proposed the absolute temp scale and for what?
William Thomson, for Charles' Law
33
experimented on the properties of gas to try and better control lighter-than-air balloons observed the law of combining volumes
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
34
@ a given temp and pressure, the volumes of gases that rect w/ one another are in ratio of small whole numbers (like empirical formulas?)
law of combing gases
35
based on Gay-Lussac's observations, = volumes of gases @ the same temp + pressure contain the same # of molecules
Avogadro's Hypothesis
36
follow fr. hypothesis: the volume of a gas maintained at constant temperature and pressure is directly proportional to the # of moles of the gas
Avogadro's Law
37
PV = nRT
ideal-gas equation
38
a hypothetical gas whose pressure volume, and temperature behavior are described completely by the ideal-gas equation
ideal gas
39
what is absolute temperature?
the Kelvin scale
40
the term "R" in the ideal-gas equation
gas constant
41
the gas constant is _________ on units of pressure, volume, moles of gas, and temperature
dependent
42
temp in the ideal-gas equation must _______ be expressed as absolute temp
ALWAYS
43
in the ideal-gas equation: 1. pressure = ______ 2. volume = _______ 3. quantity of gas in ______ 4. temp in ______
1. atm 2. L 3. moles 4. Kelvin
44
Product PV has units of energy, so units of __ can contain joules or calories
R
45
in problems of ideal-gas equations, units of P, V, n, and T must ______ w/ the gas constant
agree
46
0.08206 L-atm/mol-K
value of R for units of atm in pressure
47
8.314 J/mol-K
value of R for units of Pa in pressure
48
conditions 0 degrees C and 1 atm are referred to _______ _______ ________
standard temperature pressure (STP)
49
22.41L can be seen as the ______ mass of an ideal-gas @ STP
molar
50
measure V might ____ from PV = nRT
differ
51
nRT are all constants so must be the product of ___
PV
52
P and V can change values independently but when together, their product must be a ________
constant
53
P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2
combined gas law
54
nM/V = PM/RT
the relationship b/w gas densities and molar mass
55
M in the relationship is. . .
molar mass; # of grams in one mole of substance
56
d = PM/RT
density of gas
57
density of gas depends on (3)
1. pressure 2. molar mass 3. temperature
58
though gas forms homogeneous mixtures, a 1. ______ dense gas will lie above a 2. _____ dense gas in the absence of 3. _______
1. less 2. more 3. mixing
59
M = dRT/P
molar mass of a gas

AP Chemistry (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions