Chapter 10 Intelligence Flashcards
What is intelligence?
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.”
General Intelligence or (g) ?
according to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
2 factors of primary Mental abilities are:
- Fluid Intelligence (Gf)
- Crystallized intelligence (Gc)
What is Fluid Intelligence (Gf) ?
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood.
What is Crystallized intelligence (Gc) ?
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
What is Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory ?
the theory that our intelligence is based on g as well as specific abilities, bridged by Gf and Gc.
What is Savant Syndrome?
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
What are sternberg’s 3 intelligences?
1) Analytical (academic problem-solving) intelligence: is assessed by intelligence tests, which present well-defined problems having a single right answer. Such tests predict school grades reasonably well and vocational success more modestly.
2) Creative intelligence: is demonstrated in innovative smarts: the ability to adapt to new situations and generate novel ideas.
3) Practical intelligence: is required for everyday tasks that may be poorly defined and may have multiple solutions
How many intelligences did Howard Gardner idenfied?
Eight intelligences - linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily- kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalist
What is emotional intelligence?
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.
What are the 4 components of emotional intelligence?
1) Perceiving emotions: (recognizing them in faces, music, and stories, and identifying one’s own emotions)
2) Understanding emotions: (predicting them and how they may change and blend)
3) Managing emotions: (knowing how to express them in varied situations, and how to handle others’ emotions)
4) Using emotions: to facilitate adaptive or creative thinking.
What is an Intelligence test?
a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
Achievement test?
are intended to reflect what you have learned. Your final exam will measure what you learned in this class
Aptitude test ?
a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn.
If you took an entrance exam, it was designed to predict your ability to do college or university work.
What is mental age?
the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age. Thus, a child who does as well as an average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8
intelligence quotient (IQ) ?
defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ=ma/ca×100).
On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100
An employer with a pool of applicants for a single available position is interested in testing each applicant’s potential. To determine that, she should use an ______ (achievement/aptitude) test. That same employer wishing to test the effectiveness of a new, on-the-job training program would be wise to use an___________ (achievement/aptitude) test.
Aptitude, achievement
To be widely accepted, a psychological test must meet three criteria:
1) Standardized - defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
2) Reliability - the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting
3) Validity - the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
What is normal curve?
the bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes.
What are the traits of those at the low and high intelligence extremes?”
People who score at the two extremes of the normal curve should differ noticeably, and they do.
- An intelligence test score of or below 70 is one diagnostic criterion for the diagnosis of intellectual disability ( low extreme) .
- People at the high intelligence extreme, such as those with IQ scores of over 135 tend to be healthy and well-adjusted, as well as unusually successful academically.
cross-sectional study?
research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time
longitudinal study?
research that follows and retests the same people over time
Cohort?
a group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as being from a given time period
How stable are intelligence test scores over the life span?
The stability of intelligence test scores increases with age. At age 4, scores begin to predict adolescent and adult scores. By age 11, scores are very stable and predictive.
