Chapter 10: Mughal India and Central Asia

Question 1

Babur

Answer 1

“The Tiger” (1483-1530)

• At the time, controlled much of Afghanistan
  
  • His mother descended from the Khan family
• Established the Mughal Dynasty after dominating the North
• Wrote his autobiography, the Baburnama
• Turkic warlord

Question 2

Akbar the Great

Answer 2

• Under Akbar, India saw a period of fusion and new authority
  
  • Persian and Delhi-Agra would merge together to create the modern Hindi language
• Would rid of taxes that he hated:
  
  • jizya
  • taxing Hindu pilgrimmages
• Knew that he needed the support of all Indians if he was to rule the country effectively
• Was culturally and religiously curious and willing to learn
• Abolished the act of having war prisoners

Question 3

Aurangzeb

Answer 3

Polar opposite of his grandfather Akbar

• Used a majoritiy of resources for conquest and spread of the empire; sought to expand his empire South
  
  • Reimposed the jizya tax
• Revolts and riots would increas as a result of the slowly collapsing empire
• Accused of treating non-Muslims harshly

Question 4

jizya

Answer 4

Tax imposed imposed opon non-Muslims by Aurangzeb to gain more money for his army and expansion

• Akbar the Great would abolish this tax

Question 5

Taj Mahal

Answer 5

Dedicated to Shah Jahan’s past wife Mumtaz Mahal

• Built in Agra
  
  • Took over 20 years to complete
  • Required over 20,000 men to build
  • Blends both Iranian and Indian themes
• Built during a time of famine
• Also known as Shahjahanabad (“Shah Jahan’s City”)
• Taj = “Tomb”

Question 6

Shah Jahan

Answer 6

“Emperor of the World”

Son of Jahangir (“World seizer”)

• Was very traditional and strictly followed the Quran
• Given command of the Indian army after his father Shah Abbas refused to lead the army
• Shah Jahan had planned to seize the throne eventually
• Lived a lavish life and took advantage of all that royalty had to offer
• Built the Taj Mahal in Agra to commemorate her memory

Question 7

Rajput

Answer 7

• Had a prominent role in the Mughal army, until Aurangzeb removed them
• Had a fortress in Rajasthan where they woud hold out many annihilation campaigns
  
  • They would still stick around to help be a nuisance to Aurangzeb
• Regional princes from Rahasthan

Question 8

Rajasthan

Answer 8

Fortress location of the Rajputs

Question 9

Marathas

Answer 9

Most formidable and effective enemy of the Mughals

• Home base was located in the Western Ghats which were well protected by mountains
• The harsh conditions of their home defined and solidified who they were
• Maharashtra -“Great Country”

Question 10

Sikh

Answer 10

Sikhs of Punjab

• Sikhism - preached the bhakti message of a universal, loving God whom anyone can reach out to
• Were initially peaceful until Jahangir would make contact with them and execute their leader
  
  • Sikh’s would later create their own armies
• Would become Aurangzeb’s enemies after favoring Dara’s quest for the throne
• New religion that emerged from the Bhakti synthesis

Question 11

Guru Nanak

Answer 11

Founder of Sikhism

• (1469-1538)
• Tried to work a compromise between Hinduism and Islam
• Contemporary of Martin Luther
• Preached a universal, loving God

Question 12

Guru Govind Singh

Answer 12

Tenth Sikh guru

• Organized the Sikhs into a real political power
  
  • Encouraged the men to be courageous and adopt the surname Singh (“lion”)
• Encouraged:
  
  • Not to cut hair
  • Consume alcohol or tobacco
• Under Govind Singh, women were more free
  
  • purdah (veiling) and sati (burning of widows) was banned

Question 13

Shivaji

Answer 13

Greatest Marahta leader

• (1627-1680)
• Would lead the Marathas army against Aurangzeb
  
  • Continuously raided Mughal territory over the next 10 years
• Continuously defied Aurangzeb and his armies
  
  • Was a great military strategist and tactician
• Had a council of ministers
  
  • Made Marathi and Sanskrit the court languages

Question 14

Reverse

“The Tiger” (1483-1530)

• At the time, controlled much of Afghanistan
  
  • His mother descended from the Khan family
• Established the Mugahl Dynasty after dominating the North
• Wrote his autobiography, the Baburnama
• Turkic warlord

Answer 14

Babur

Question 15

Reverse

• Under Akbar, India saw a period of fusion and new authority
  
  • Persian and Delhi-Agra would merge together to create the modern Hindi language
• Would rid of taxes that he hated:
  
  • jizya
  • taxing Hindu pilgrimmages
• Knew that he needed the support of all Indians if he was to rule the country effectively
• Was culturally and religiously curious and willing to learn
• Abolished the act of having war prisoners

Answer 15

Akbar the Great

Question 16

Reverse

Polar opposite of his grandfather Akbar

• Used a majoritiy of resources for conquest and spread of the empire; sought to expand his empire South
  
  • Reimposed the jizya tax
• Revolts and riots would increas as a result of the slowly collapsing empire
• Accused of treating non-Muslims harshly

Answer 16

Aurangzeb

Question 17

Reverse

Tax imposed imposed opon non-Muslims by Aurangzeb to gain more money for his army and expansion

• Akbar the Great would abolish this tax

Answer 17

jizya

Question 18

Reverse

Dedicated to Shah Jahan’s past wife Mumtaz Mahal

• Built in Agra
  
  • Took over 20 years to complete
  • Required over 20,000 men to build
  • Blends both Iranian and Indian themes
• Built during a time of famine
• Also known as Shahjahanabad (“Shah Jahan’s City”)
• Taj = “Tomb”

Answer 18

Taj Mahal

Question 19

Reverse

“Emperor of the World”

Son of Jahangir (“World seizer”)

• Was very traditional and strictly followed the Quran
• Given command of the Indian army after his father Shah Abbas refused to lead the army
• Shah Jahan had planned to seize the throne eventually
• Lived a lavish life and took advantage of all that royalty had to offer
• Built the Taj Mahal in Agra to commemorate her memory

Answer 19

Shah Jahan

Question 20

Reverse

• Had a prominent role in the Mughal army, until Aurangzeb removed them
• Had a fortress in Rajasthan where they woud hold out many annihilation campaigns
  
  • They would still stick around to help be a nuisance to Aurangzeb
• Regional princes from Rahasthan

Answer 20

Rajput

Question 21

Reverse

Fortress location of the Rajputs

Answer 21

Rajasthan

Question 22

Reverse

Most formidable and effective enemy of the Mughals

• Home base was located in the Western Ghats which were well protected by mountains
• The harsh conditions of their home defined and solidified who they were
• Maharashtra -“Great Country”

Answer 22

Marathas

Question 23

Reverse

Sikhs of Punjab

• Sikhism - preached the bhakti message of a universal, loving God whom anyone can reach out to
• Were initially peaceful until Jahangir would make contact with them and execute their leader
  
  • Sikh’s would later create their own armies
• Would become Aurangzeb’s enemies after favoring Dara’s quest for the throne
• New religion that emerged from the Bhakti synthesis

Answer 23

Sikh

Question 24

Reverse

Founder of Sikhism

• (1469-1538)
• Tried to work a compromise between Hinduism and Islam
• Contemporary of Martin Luther
• Preached a universal, loving God

Answer 24

Guru Nanak

Question 25

# Reverse Tenth Sikh guru * Organized the Sikhs into a real political power * Encouraged the men to be courageous and adopt the surname Singh ("lion") * Encouraged: * Not to cut hair * Consume alcohol or tobacco * Under Govind Singh, women were more free * purdah (veiling) and sati (burning of widows) was banned

Answer 25

Guru Govind Singh

Question 26

# Reverse Greatest Marahta leader * (1627-1680) * Would lead the Marathas army against Aurangzeb * Continuously raided Mughal territory over the next 10 years * Continuously defied Aurangzeb and his armies * Was a great military strategist and tactician * Had a council of ministers * Made Marathi and Sanskrit the court languages

Answer 26

Shivaji