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Anatomy and Physiology 111 > Chapter 10 - muscle systems > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - muscle systems Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

List the 8 major muscles of the head and neck.

A 
frontalis
zygomaticus
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
masseter
temporalis
sternocleidomastoid
splenius
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2
Q

Frontalis

A

Origin: galea aponeurotica

Insertion: skin of the eyebrows

function: raises eybrows and wrinkles forhead (surprise)

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3
Q

Zygomaticus

A

Origin: zygomatic bone

Insertion: skin at the corner of the mouth

Function: raises corner of the mouth (smiling)

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4
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

Origin: frontal and maxillary bones

Insertion: tissue of the eyelid (circular)

Function: opening and closing of the eyelids (blinking)

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5
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Origin: zygomatic bone and maxillary bones

Insertion: skin around the mouth (encircles)

Function: closing/pursing of lips (kissing)

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6
Q

Masseter

A

Origin: zygomatic arch and maxillary bones

Insertion: angle and ramus of the mandible

Function: PM of jaw closure

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7
Q

Temporalis

A

Origin: temporal fossa

Insertion: coronoid process of the mandible

Function: assists with jaw closure, maintains at resting state of jaw.

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8
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin: manubrium and sternal portion of the clavicles

Insertion: mastoid process of the temporal bone

Function: when they act together results in flexion of the head. When a single side activates results in tilting towards that side and rotation away from it.

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9
Q

Splenius

A

Origin: C7-T6

Insertion: C2-4 and mastoid process of temporal bone

Function: when they act together result in extension/hyperextension of the head. When one side acts results in rotation and tilting to that side

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10
Q

List the 3 muscles of the abdomen

A

Rectus Abdominis
External Oblique
Internal Oblique

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11
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Origin: pubis

Insertion: sternum and ribs 5-7

Function: flexion and rotation at waist. Stabilizes pelvis while walking

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12
Q

External Oblique

A

Origin: lower 8 ribs

Insertion: iliac crest, pubic tubercle, linea alba

Function: trunk rotation and lateral flexion. Stabilize core

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13
Q

Internal Oblique

A

Origin: iliac crest, and lumbar fascia

Insertion: costal margin, last 3 ribs, linea alba

Function: trunk rotation and lateral flexion. stabilizes the core.

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14
Q

List the 4 muscles of respiration

A

Diaphragm
External Intercostals
Internal Intercostals
Pectoralis Major

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15
Q

Diaphragm

A

Origin: lower edge of rib cage, lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: central tendon

Function: as it contracts it thins increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. Inspiration

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16
Q

External Intercostals

A

Origin: inferior border of the rib above

Insertion: superior border of the rib below

Function: top rib is held in place by other muscles, this results in the rib cage moving up increasing thoracic volume for Inspiration

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17
Q

Internal Intercostals

A

Origin: superior border of rib below

Insertion: inferior border of the rib above

Function: bottom rib is held in place resulting in the rib cage being pulled down decreasing thoracic volume for forced expiration.

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18
Q

List the 7 muscles of the shoulder, back, and arm

A 
Trapezius
Deltoid
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus dorsi
Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
Brachialis
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19
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin: nuchal lines of the occipital bone, spines of C7-T12

Insertion: acromion and spine of scapula

Function: stabilizes and moves scapula

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20
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin: acromion and spine of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Function: PM abduction, if half activates results in flexion/extension and rotation

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21
Q

Pectoralis Major

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A

Origin: sternum, sternal end of clavicle, costal cartilages of ribs 1-6

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Function: PM arm flexion. Powerful adduction. Raises the sternum for forced inspiration.

22
Q

Latissimus dorsi

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A

Origin: last 6 thoracic, lumbar, iliac crest, and bottom 3 ribs

Insertion: intertubicular sulcus of the humerus

Function: PM of extension, powerful adductor, medial rotation.

23
Q

Biceps Brachii

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A

Origin: coracoid process

Insertion: radial tuberosity

Function: PM flexion of the elbow and supination of forearm

24
Q

Triceps Brachii

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A

Origin: infraglenoid tubercle and posterior shaft of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna

Function: PM of extension at the elbow

25
Brachialis
Origin: anterior distal humerus Insertion: coronoid process of the ulna Function: aids in flexion of the elbow
26
What are the 2 muscles of the Iliopsoas?
Psoas major | Iliacus
27
Psoas Major
Origin: lumbar vertebrae Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur Function: flexion and lateral rotation of thigh. Plays a part in lateral flexion of vertebrae (posture)
28
Iliacus
Origin: Iliac fossa Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur Function: flexion and lateral rotation of thigh
29
What are the 4 muscles in the quadriceps group?
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis
30
Rectus femoris
Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine Insertion: patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity Function: knee extension, hip flexion
31
Vastus lateralis
Origin: greater trochanter of the femur Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via quadriceps and patellar tendons Function: knee extension and stabilization
32
Vastus lateralis
Origin: greater trochanter of the femur Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via quadriceps and patellar tendons Function: knee extension and stabilization
33
Vastus intermedius
Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of the proximal shaft of femur Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via quadriceps and patellar tendons Function: knee extension
34
Vastus medialus
Origin: intertrochantric line of femur Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via quadriceps and patellar tendons Function: knee extension and stabilization
35
What is the longest muscle in the body?
the sartorius
36
List the 3 muscles in the gluteal group.
Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus
37
Gluteus maximus
Origin: illium and sacrum Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur Function: thigh extension and rotation
38
Gluteus medius
same as gluteus minimus Origin: ilium Insertion: femur Function: abducts and rotates thigh
39
Gluteus minimus
same as gluteus maximus Origin: ilium Insertion: femur Function: abducts and rotates thigh
40
List the muscles in the hamstrings group
Biceps femoris Semitendinous Semimembranous
42
Biceps femoris
Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia Function: thigh extention, knee flexion and lateral rotation of leg
43
Semitendinous
Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: tibial shaft Function: thigh extension, knee flexion and medial rotation of leg
43
Gastocnemius
Origin: condyles of the femur Insetion: posterior calcaneous Function: plantar flexion
44
Semimembranous
Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: medial condyle of tibia Function: thigh extension, knee flexion, and medial rotation of leg
45
What are the three types of lever systems? give an example of each in the world and in the body.
first class: fulcrum between the load and effort ex: pair of scissors, lifting head up second class: load between the fulcrum and effort ex: wheelbarrow, standing on tip toe third class: effort between the fulcrum and load ex: tweezers, flexion of forearm
46
What is the antagonist of the gluteus maximus?
the iliopsoas group
47
What is the antagonist of the biceps brachii?
triceps brachii
48
What is the antagonist of the hamstring group?
the quadriceps group
49
What is a fixator muscle?
a synergist muscle that immobilize a bone/origin or stabilize a joint
50
What are the 5 different arrangements fascicles can have?
``` Circular Convergent Parallel Fusiform (spindle shaped) Pennate (uni, bi, multi) ```
51
Explain how levers work at mechanical disadvantages or advantages.
The force required depends on the position of the effort from the fulcrum relative to the position of the load to the fulcrum. if the effort is much farther than the load it acts as a mech adv like a car jack if the effort is much closer than the load it acts at a mech disadv like moving dirt with the shovel

Anatomy and Physiology 111 (9 decks)

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